Decision-making on HVAC&R systems selection: a critical review

Abstract

Buildings account for more than 40% of total energy consumption in most countries and more than 55% of this energy is used by heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. This significant energy demand, together with the global need to impose energyefficiency measures, underlines the importance of selecting the most appropriate HVAC&R system in the early stages of a design process. However, this state-of-the-art study reveals that there is no review paper available in the open literature to critically analyse the existing methods for HVAC&R systems selection. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically review the body of knowledge on the adopted approach for HVAC&R systems selection. Based on the comprehensive literature review, the needs and gaps in this field are identified. It is revealed that the integration of probabilistic climate changes into the decision-making processes is one of the main areas that should be addressed in future studies. In addition, reliability and Life Cycle Cost of the systems, health and well-being, occupants' satisfaction and indoor air quality are of paramount factors that should be taken into account in the decisionmaking process for HVAC&R systems selection. ARTICLE HISTORY

A Survey of Energy-Use Behaviour in Apartment Buildings in East and West Malaysia

“…AC usage from the building sector solely has contributed to the high energy consumption associated with CO2 emissions [2] [14], which caught the attention of industry players, researchers and policymakers. According to [15] and [16], space cooling, including AC, takes up almost 20% of the total energy consumption of the building.…”

Organizational workplace relocation: assessment of facilities and real estate managers' practices

“…The absence of a coordinated and quality documentation of the relocation plan is a considerable challenge that affects the phases of relocation, where execution will be subject to changes due to inconsistencies in the documents, moreover the lack of coordination may exert time that is needed to detect and fix clashes at the new premises (Morgan and Anthony, 2008;Wineman and Barnes, 2018). Further, the complexity of (the old and new premises) systems and technologies set challenges for the adaptive reuse or renovation works, as well as the complete overhaul (Nunnington and Haynes, 2011;Shahrestani et al, 2018). Another challenge that is discussed in the literature is employees' resistance to change.…”

Energy Evaluation and Energy Savings Analysis with the 2 Selection of AC Systems in an Educational Building

“…The implementation of EE measures in AC systems can generate average energy savings of 2% to 6% depending on the size of the building, construction, and weather [15]. The energy demand that buildings currently have, and the global need to implement energy efficiency measures highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate AC technology in the early design stages [16,17]. Comparative analysis conducted between VAV and VRF technologies in existing buildings shows the energy advantages of the VRF system with energy savings from 15% to 42% and for HVAC systems between 18% to 37% [18][19][20][21].…”