Declining HIV-2 prevalence and incidence among men in a community study from Guinea-Bissau

Larsen, Olav; Z, da Silva; Sandström, Anita; Andersen, PK; Andersson, Swen‐Olof; Ag, Poulsen; Melbye, Mads; Dias, Francisco; Nauclér, Anders; Aaby, Péter

doi:10.1097/00002030-199813000-00020

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Assuming a shorter duration of HIV-2 infection or a lower Guinea-Bissau is about to decline as observed in some urban settings in this country [5,8], and that this decline may have been hastened by the ongoing HIV-1 epidemic.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In recent years a decline in the prevalence of HIV-2 has been observed in most populations in West Africa including some communities in Guinea-Bissau [5][6][7]. HIV-2 prevalence decreased in men but not in women in a community study from urban Guinea-Bissau between 1987 and 1996 [8]. HIV-2 prevalence has also remained stable in a rural area in Guinea-Bissau (8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behaviour change and competitive exclusion can explain the diverging HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends in Guinea–Bissau

et al. 2007

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to determine whether a temporary rise in sexual risk behaviour during war in Guinea–Bissau could explain the observed trends in HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence, and to explore the possible contribution of competitive elimination of HIV-2 by HIV-1. A simulation model of the heterosexual transmission of sexually transmitted infections was parameterized using demographic, behavioural and epidemiological data from rural Guinea–Bissau, and fitted to the observed HIV-1 and HIV-2 trends with and without a historic rise in risk behaviour. The observed trends could only be simulated by assuming a temporary rise in risk behaviour. Around 30% of the projected decline in HIV-2 prevalence from a peak of 8·7% to 4·3% in 2010 was due to competitive elimination by HIV-1. Importantly for public health, HIV-1 prevalence was predicted to continue increasing and to become the dominant HIV type by 2010. Data collection is required to validate this prediction.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour change and competitive exclusion can explain the diverging HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends in Guinea–Bissau

et al. 2007

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“…In general infectious diseases, such as malaria, AIDS, cholera, and tuberculosis are still common and are considered serious threats to public health [9][10][11]. As the access to conventional health care is often difficult, people use both conventional and traditional medicines to improve their health condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Neurological Disorders in West Africa: A Case Study with Guinea-Bissau Flora

Romeiras¹,

Cristina²,

Indjai³

et al. 2012

AJPS

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The sub-Saharan region holds a wide variety of indigenous plant species, still offering the possibility to discover very interesting new natural products with potential therapeutic value. Most of the African population depends on traditional medicine for primary health care, however, neurological disorders are often not considered as common diseases and many people with mental illnesses, like epilepsy, are severely affected by health-related stigma and discrimination. Epilepsy is the most common serious chronic brain disorder, estimated to affect at least 10 million people in Africa. Guinea-Bissau is located in West Africa, and its population is mainly rural with very few health services available. Since the earliest times, Guinea-Bissau flora has constituted the main source of materials used in folk medicine and the local population, who is well versed in the uses of these plants and their properties. The aim of this study was to document the existing knowledge and practices related to the treatment of neurological disorders, namely epilepsy and seizures, in Guinea-Bissau and in other West African countries. The results presented from this study provide information not only on the specific plants used to treat neurological disorders, but also on social knowledge brought in by various ethnic groups, each one having its own culture, beliefs and ways of nature appropriation. Taking into account the existing knowledge on the medicinal properties of plants for treatment of neurologic disorders, it is believed that research in the areas of ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology in Guinea-Bissau can bring promising results capable of adding value to the very rich natural resources of this country of West Africa.

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“…in the window phase for the antibody assays used. However, given the HIV-2 incidence rates observed in several cohorts in Guinea-Bissau [59][60][61] and the fact that many of the EU individuals had been married for many years, it is not likely that seroincident cases would be a common phenomenon in this study. Moreover, the antibody assays used are very sensitive and previous evaluations have shown that the number of cases missed due to recent seroconversion are limited [50,62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The group of HIV-2-discordant couples was identified through a population-based prospective cohort project organized in the Bandim and Belem suburbs of Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau [47]. Twenty-nine HIV-2-exposed but HIV-seronegative (EU) people were enrolled in this study.…”

Section: Study Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses in HIV-2-infected and in HIV-2-exposed but uninfected individuals in Guinea-Bissau

Andersson

Larsen

Silva

et al. 2005

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses were determined in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-2-exposed uninfected individuals, HIV-2-infected individuals and HIV-negative controls in Guinea-Bissau. Increased HIV-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses were detected in both groups compared to HIV-negative controls (healthy HIV-uninfected individuals without known exposure to an HIV-infected person); five out of 29 of the HIV-2-exposed uninfected and half (16 of 32) of the HIV-2-infected individuals had stimulation indexes > > > > 2, compared to one out of 49 of the HIV-negative controls ( P = = = = 0·003 and P < < < < 0·0001, respectively). The exposed uninfected individuals had reactivity to a HIV-2 V3-peptide corresponding to amino acids 311-326 of the envelope glycoprotein, while the HIV-2-infected people reacted mainly to HIV-2 whole viral lysate. Thus, this study demonstrates a high degree of HIV-2-specific T helper cell activity, as measured by lymphocyte proliferation, in HIV-2-exposed uninfected individuals as well as in HIV-2-infected subjects. These immune responses could be important for resistance to the infection and for the control of established infection and, thus, play a role in the lower transmission and progression of HIV-2 compared to HIV-1.

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Declining HIV-2 prevalence and incidence among men in a community study from Guinea-Bissau

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Behaviour change and competitive exclusion can explain the diverging HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends in Guinea–Bissau

Behaviour change and competitive exclusion can explain the diverging HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends in Guinea–Bissau

Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Neurological Disorders in West Africa: A Case Study with Guinea-Bissau Flora

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses in HIV-2-infected and in HIV-2-exposed but uninfected individuals in Guinea-Bissau

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