Decoding Huanglongbing: Understanding the Origins, Impacts, and Remedies for Citrus Greening

Abstract

Citrus cultivation is a vital component of the agricultural sector, offering significant nutritional and economic benefits. However, citrus plants face numerous disorders, including Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease. HLB is a devastating disease caused by the bacterial species Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), primarily transmitted by the citrus psyllid and grafting. Investigating the distribution and molecular characterization of HLB in various citrus varieties and psyllid populations is crucial. Molecular techniques and iodine starch staining have been used to detect HLB symptoms. Several studies have been designed to determine the incidence and severity of HLB symptoms in different citrus varieties and locations and estimate the psyllid population density in different citrus varieties. Furthermore, these studies established a correlation between the population of psyllids and the incidence and severity of HLB in different locations and these findings suggest a potential link between psyllid infestation and the prevalence of HLB. This study highlights the prevalence of HLB in various locations and varieties, providing insights into the distribution, severity, and correlation between psyllid populations and HLB incidence. The reliability of PCR testing for Las infection confirms its effectiveness. Such findings suggest implementing integrated pest management strategies, including monitoring and controlling psyllid populations, removing infected plants, and using certified disease-free planting materials to prevent HLB spread.