“…As a scholar observes, "geopolitically, Vietnamese leadership seeks regional stability and global integration; economically it seeks new foreign investment and markets for its export industries" (Turner, 2014: 38). The recent turn towards multilateralism, meanwhile, is seen as a new tool "to advance Vietnam's national interests of defending the country's security, advancing socio-economic development, and improving its role and stance in the international community," particularly "to avoid becoming a proxy to big power competition, to mitigate significant security challenges, and to sustain economic development" (Ha and Le, 2021).…”