Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Cranioplasty and Hydrocephalus on Outcome

Coil Extrusion into the Naso- and Oropharynx Ten Years after Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm Embolization: A Case Report

“…The mechanics and process described above usually take time and reflect the fact that aneurysmal repermeabilization caused by extrusion is reported from several months to years after the endovascular coiling procedure [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. However, to the best of our knowledge, an coil extrusion 10 years after embolization has never been reported [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22].…”

“…After careful evaluation of the literature, the management of extruded coils must provide a multidisciplinary approach [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. Because extruded coils have the potential to destabilize the prior arterial embolization, CT and/or traditional angiography remain mandatory before excision of the extruded coil wire to check complete aneurysm thrombosis [7].…”

“…Because extruded coils have the potential to destabilize the prior arterial embolization, CT and/or traditional angiography remain mandatory before excision of the extruded coil wire to check complete aneurysm thrombosis [7]. Then, the extruded coil loop should be treated by trimming at the level of the defect while the embedded portions of coil wire must be left in place for minimizing the risk of possible destabilization of the occlusive matrix [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. Some patients, including our case, were successfully treated under local anesthesia in ENT ambulatory day surgery with the endoscopic technique [5, 8, 20].…”

“…1a, b). After 2 days of intensive care unit stay, the patient was transferred to our department, showing no neurological deficit and no signs of CSF leak or other CSF disturbances [16, 17, 18]. The nasal tamponade was removed 4 days after surgery, and no bleeding was observed coming out from the nasal cavity.…”

Baseline Predictors of Survival, Neurological Recovery, Cognitive Function, Neuropsychiatric Outcomes, and Return to Work in Patients after a Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: an Updated Review

“…As listed in Table 1 , each patient’s recovery is categorized according to five levels: death; persistent vegetative state; severe disability requiring care; moderate disability; and mild disability. In research, the GOS is often dichotomized, characterizing patients as having experienced either a poor outcome, as GOS levels 1-3; or a good outcome, with a GOS score of 4 or 5 ( 14 , 15 ). In general, assessments of outcome predictors have focused on the negative outcomes of mortality and low GOS score, particularly within the first six to 12 months after the injurious event ( 16 ).…”