Decreasing diversity in the soil seed bank after 50 years in Danish arable fields

Andreasen, Christian; Jensen, Hanne Nexø; Jensen, Signe Marie

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.034

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Anagallis arvensis , V. persica , V. arvensis, S. annuus and A. micrantha flowered at a DLI range of 2.7–3.7 mol m −2 day −1 , while C. bursa‐pastoris deviated by being able to produce flowers at 0.95 mol m −2 day −1 . This may explain why C. bursa ‐ pastoris has been able to maintain its status as one of the commonest components of the seedbank in Danish arable soils (Andreasen et al ., ) . Anagallis arvensis, V. persica, S. annuus and V. arvensis flowered at DLI 3.7 mol m −2 day −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The importance of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of six weed species

et al. 2019

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Crops limit light for photosynthesis and growth of weeds. We studied the effect of reduced light on performance of six weed species [one invasive species (Amsinckia micrantha), three common species (Veronica persica, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Viola arvensis) and two less common weeds (Anagallis arvensis and Scleranthus annuus)]. In two glasshouse experiments, six light levels were achieved aiming at 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 90% and 95% reduction of light and corresponding with daily light integrals (DLI) of 12.4, 9.63, 7.13, 2.74, 0.95 and 0.69 mol m À2 day À1 in experiment 1 and 21.2, 18.0, 10.7, 3.71, 1.64 and 1.20 mol m À2 day À1 in experiment 2. The number of leaves was strictly controlled by DLI. Chlorophyll content index, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F v /F m ), stomatal conductance, flowering and dry matter were strongly reduced when DLI was reduced to 0.69-3.71 mol m À2 day À1 for all species. Threshold DLI for flowering was ca. 3.71 mol m À2 day À1 for S. annuus, V. arvensis, A. arvensis and V. persica, while C. bursa-pastoris deviated by flowering at DLI of 0.95 mol m À2 day À1 . This may explain why C. bursa-pastoris is common in the seedbank of Danish arable soils in spite of intensive farming with wellfertilised and dense crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The importance of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of six weed species

et al. 2019

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“…Modern agricultural management, either by limiting weed growth and survival or seed viability, may compromise the necessary seed renewal for population maintenance (Storkey et al, ). Our results may reflect an overall impoverishment of soil seedbanks as many European countries have also experienced (Andreasen et al, ; Robinson & Sutherland, ), which may underlie the massive population decline of seed‐eating birds in Spain and throughout Europe (Inger et al, ; Newton, ; SEO/Birdlife, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Coupled with this process of agricultural intensification, biodiversity has suffered a generalized decline. Although mostly documented in birds (Chamberlain, Fuller, Bunce, Duckworth, & Shrubb, ; Donald, Sanderson, Burfield, & van Bommel, ; Inger et al, ; Robinson & Sutherland, ), evidence of general decline and shifts in community composition are increasingly available for other taxa, such as arthropods and plants (Andreasen, Jensen, & Jensen, ; Chamorro, Masalles, & Sans, ; Geiger et al, ; Robinson & Sutherland, ). Not surprisingly, these two groups are targets of agricultural management because they can interfere with crop production, reducing crop yield and quality (Oerke, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The community of weeds associated with farmlands has become impoverished with the intensification of agricultural practices (Andreasen et al, ; Chamorro et al, ; Fried, Petit, Dessaint, & Reboud, ). Declines in richness and abundance occur at both the field and regional scales, with some species even going extinct from entire regions (Andreasen et al, ; Chamorro et al, ; Fried et al, ; Meyer, Wesche, Krause, & Leuschner, ; Storkey, Meyer, Still, & Leuschner, ). This decline in weed biodiversity simplifies the structural complexity of the vegetation layer, which limits shelter and reduces food resources for higher trophic levels (Feber, Smith, & MacDonald, ; Holzschuh, Steffan‐Dewenter, & Tscharntke, ; Wilson, Arroyo, & Clark, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abundance of weeds and seeds but not of arthropods differs between arable habitats in an extensive Mediterranean farming system

Tarjuelo

Morales

Arribas

et al. 2019

Ecological Research

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Agricultural intensification has profoundly affected European farmlands in the last decades, and their associated biodiversity has undergone a widespread decline. Although largely considered by farmers to be a threat to crop productivity, weeds and arthropods are key factors in farmland ecosystems and provide multiple ecosystem services. We analyze variations between three arable habitats—cereals, plowed and fallow fields—in the biomass of weeds, seeds and arthropods in an extensive rotation system of Central Spain. We also investigate the effect of the vegetation structure in the overall biomass of arthropods and that of the most abundant orders found, Coleoptera and Orthoptera, which constitute key resources for many declining farmland birds. Our results show that fallows had the greatest biomass of weeds and seeds, whereas no differences were found between cereal and plowed fields. Although vegetation structure was related to the biomass of total arthropods, as well as that of coleopterans and orthopterans of a large size, arthropod biomass did not vary between the three arable habitats. Overall, higher weed cover and denser vegetation favored higher biomass of arthropods. Our results suggest a process of ecological homogenization, where arthropod populations may be suffering a widespread decline across habitat types, likely due to high tillage frequency or agrochemical use, despite the extensive rotation system and the mosaic landscape of our study site. Short‐ and mid‐term fallows might function as a source habitat for weeds and arthropods, although this role might be compromised by their progressive disappearance and isolation within the landscape.

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“…However, since then, the trend has decreased or even reversed. Andreasen et al [10] studied the soil seed banks in the Danish fields in the same locations 25 and 50 years after the first survey in 1964. In 1964, Andreasen et al [10] estimated the number of viable seeds in the ploughing layer to be 19,390 seeds m −2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Killing Weed Seeds with Exhaust Gas from a Combine Harvester

Jakobsen¹,

Jensen²,

Bitarafan³

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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We investigated if hot exhaust gas from a combine harvester could be used to reduce germination or kill weed seeds during the harvesting process. During the threshing and cleaning process in the combine, weed seeds and chaff are separated from the crop grains. After this separation, weed and crop seeds not collected can be exposed to exhaust gas before seeds are returned to the field. Seeds of some common weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides, Centaurea cyanus, Geranium pusillum, Lapsana communis, Lolium perenne, Rumex crispus, Spergula arvensis, and Tripleurospermum inodorum) were treated with exhaust gas at temperatures of 75 °C or 85 °C, 110 °C, and 140 °C for 2, 4, and 6 s, respectively. Afterwards, the seeds were germinated for 16 days. We found that 75 °C and 85 °C were insufficient to significantly reduce germination of the seeds after three durations. Some seeds were still able to germinate after 4 s exposure of 110 °C. An exposure of 140 °C for 4 and 6 s repressed germination of all species. We conclude that there is potential to develop combine harvesters that exploit the exhaust gas to either kill or reduce the ability of weed seeds to germinate before seeds are returned to the field.

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Decreasing diversity in the soil seed bank after 50 years in Danish arable fields

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

The importance of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of six weed species

The importance of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of six weed species

Abundance of weeds and seeds but not of arthropods differs between arable habitats in an extensive Mediterranean farming system

Killing Weed Seeds with Exhaust Gas from a Combine Harvester

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