Decreasing Fluoride by Coagulation in Drinkable Water from Souf Region of Algeria

Atia, Djamel; Hoggui, Abdelghani

doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.10.57

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Such countries include Algeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria the Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] (Fig. 11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, African countries like Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi Sudan, Uganda and the Republic of South Africa were reported to have high fluoride [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] only South Africa, Malawi and Sudan had the maximum value exceeding 6 mg/l with maximum concentration value of 42.05, 10 and 7 mg/l, respectively (Fig. 13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum concentration (99 mg/l) was found in Manyara whereas the minimum was (0 mg/l) in Tanga region (Table 1). [1,8,24,33,34,38,40,43,. Note: n=F>1.5: Number of Samples with fluoride concentration greater than 1.5 mg/l n=%F>1.5: Percentage of samples with fluoride greater than 1.5 mg/l n=F>4: Number of Samples with fluoride concentration greater than 4 mg/l n=%F>4: Parentage of samples with fluoride greater than 4 mg/l These data exclude extremely high fluoride lakes such as Lake Elementaita and Lake Nakuru in Kenya, Lake Momella in Tanzania, Lake Kikorongo in Uganda and Lake Chitu in Ethiopia…”

Section: Fluoride Distribution In Various Water Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it was found that in some areas high fluoride water was accompanied by severe and excessive total mineralization [40]. Sometimes, the water was reported to be the only source for drinking.…”

Section: Fluoride In Algeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Malago¹,

Makoba²,

Muzuka³

2017

AJWSE

128

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Abstract:Fluoride has been reported to be among natural pollutant of water in Africa. High fluoride levels beyond the recommended World Health Organization limit of 1.5 mg/l has been observed in various Africa countries. However, the information is scattered in different publication medium. Therefore, objective of this work was to put together the information on fluoride levels in surface and groundwater in Africa, and describe the status and distribution of fluoride in water among African countries. This study assembled the secondary data of fluoride concentrations in surface and groundwater from the various literatures in African countries. Such countries represent southern, northern, eastern and western Africa. Descriptive statistics was used and results showed that elevated fluoride concentration occurred in countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi, Sudan, Uganda, the Republic of South Africa and Ethiopia. The highest fluoride concentration reported was 2,800 mg/l in Lake Nakuru in Kenya. The high fluoride concentrations in water can be linked to volcanic activities, presence of thermal waters especially those with high pH, gases emitted from earth's crust, granitic and gneissic rocks. The high fluoride in water is severe in countries located in East African Rift Valley like Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. However, all the incidences of highest fluoride levels in water in the Rift Valley countries were found in surface water bodies. This is contrary, as it is expected groundwater to be more concentrated as compared to surface water due to more water rock interaction than in surface water bodies. There was no single study among many studies has reported the long term trend of concentration of fluoride in water with time. Thus, the effort to establish long term trend of fluoride concentration in water should be taken in consideration. This helps to predict future concentration of fluoride and possibility to minimize future risks. Also, fluorosis has also been reported to be endemic in fluoritic areas of Africa though, little is known on other fluoride negative effects. Therefore, more efforts should concentrate on finding appropriate defluoridation techniques to be applied while considering the cost of operation, efficiency, practicability, easy application and environmental friendly.

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“…Such countries include Algeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria the Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] (Fig. 11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluoride Distribution In Various Water Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluoride In Algeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Malago¹,

Makoba²,

Muzuka³

2017

AJWSE

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Comparative Study for the Defluoridation of Water by Coagulation

Atia

Hoggui

Bebba

et al. 2013

ILCPA

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El-Oued is known for some diseases caused by fluoride concentration in drinkable water. To reduce it, we have chosen a sample with the highest content of fluoride among many sources in order to coagulate it with Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O, Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·H 2 O and FeSO 4 . In order to get better reduction yield of fluoride, a study has been done on the influencing parameters (concentration, pH, temperature) to choose the best conditions. The remove of fluoride is favorable at low concentration of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , at room temperature and normal acidity.

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Defluoridation of Drinkable Water “Comparative Study and Parameter Influent”

Atia

Hoggui

Abdelhafidh

2013

ILCPA

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El-Oued is known for some diseases caused by fluoride concentration in drinkable water. To reduce it, a sample with the biggest content among many sources was chosen. A comparative study between the precipitation with calcium salts [Ca(OH) 2 , CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 ] and the coagulation with the following salts [Al 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ·18H 2 O, Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O, FeSO 4 ] was done. Finely we studied the parameters influencing (the mass , pH, temperature) to choose the best conditions in order to get better reduction yield.

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Decreasing Fluoride by Coagulation in Drinkable Water from Souf Region of Algeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Fluoride Levels in Surface and Groundwater in Africa: A Review

Comparative Study for the Defluoridation of Water by Coagulation

Defluoridation of Drinkable Water “Comparative Study and Parameter Influent”

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