Deep fluid transfer evidenced by surface deformation during the 2014–2015 unrest at Piton de la Fournaise volcano

Peltier, Aline; Beauducel, François; Villeneuve, Nicolas; Ferrazzini, Valérie; Muro, Andréa Di; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Derrien, Allan; Jourde, Kevin; Taisne, Benoît

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.031

Cited by 41 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Using the Hibert et al (2015) approach and average daily SO 2 emission rates a total lava bulk volume of 21-39 M m 3 is obtained. This value is similar but on average lower than that estimated by photogrammetry (36 ± 3 M m 3 ; see Peltier et al, 2016) and by satellite data (45 ± 15 M m 3 ; see Coppola et al, 2017). As discussed by Coppola et al (2017), pre-eruptive S degassing of shallow stored magma might explain this discrepancy.…”

Section: Plume Geometry and Gas Emissions At The Volcanic Ventmentioning

confidence: 54%

First results of the Piton de la Fournaise STRAP 2015 experiment: multidisciplinary tracking of a volcanic gas and aerosol plume

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The STRAP (Synergie Transdisciplinaire pour Répondre aux Aléas liés aux Panaches volcaniques) campaign was conducted over the entire year of 2015 to investigate the volcanic plumes of Piton de La Fournaise (La Réu-nion, France). For the first time, measurements at the local (near the vent) and at the regional scales were conducted around the island. The STRAP 2015 campaign has become possible thanks to strong cross-disciplinary collaboration between volcanologists and meteorologists. The main observations during four eruptive periods (85 days) are summarised. They include the estimates of SO 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O emissions, the altitude of the plume at the vent and over different areas of La Réunion Island, the evolution of the SO 2 concentration, the aerosol size distribution and the aerosol extinction profile. A climatology of the volcanic plume dispersion is also reported. Simulations and measurements show that the plumes formed by weak eruptions have a stronger interaction with the surface of the island. Strong SO 2 mixing ratio and particle concentrations above 1000 ppb and 50 000 cm −3 respectively are frequently measured over a distance of 20 km from Piton de la Fournaise. The measured aerosol size distribution shows the predominance of small particles in the volcanic plume. Several cases of strong nucleation of sulfuric acid have been observed within the plume and at the distal site of the Maïdo observatory. The STRAP 2015 campaign provides a unique set of multi-disciplinary data that can now be used by modellers to improve the numerical parameterisations of the physical and chemical evolution of the volcanic plumes.

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Section: Plume Geometry and Gas Emissions At The Volcanic Ventmentioning

confidence: 54%

First results of the Piton de la Fournaise STRAP 2015 experiment: multidisciplinary tracking of a volcanic gas and aerosol plume

et al. 2017

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“…While we use lava unit area and length derived from observations, photogrammetric surveys and InSAR data (Bato et al 2016) for checking model-derived lava flow run-outs, SO 2 and thermal camera data are used to check the validity of TADR obtained from MODIS data. We here review the methodologies (as well as their application in near-real time, problems and delivery delays) that formed this chain from source term provision, through model execution to output validation during the five effusive eruptions that comprised the 2015-2016 cycle of activity (Peltier et al 2016;Coppola et al 2017) at Piton de la Fournaise.…”

Section: Methodology: Near-real Time Tools and Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lava flow volume estimates are currently based on field mapping, photogrammetry and InSAR analysis (Peltier et al 2016). Precise volume estimations are generally performed post-event or late during a long-lasting event due to (i) the cost of, and preparation time required for, satellite and/or aerial photography acquisitions, (ii) the need for Ground Control Point (GCP) measurement, and (iii) the complexities of data processing.…”

Section: Ovpf Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…OVPF reporting duties also include communication with the air quality office in Saint Denis (La Réunion). The period between 2014 and 2015 was particularly challenging because five eruptions occurred in short succession, with one during June 2014, and then four during 2015 (in February, May, July-August and August-October), the last of which ranked as the fifth largest eruption since records began in 1700 (Michon et al 2015;Peltier et al 2016). During these events round the clock service was maintained by OVPF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise 2014–2015: a review of a multi-national response model

et al. 2017

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Many active European volcanoes and volcano observatories are island-based and located far from their administrative "mainland". Consequently, Governments have developed multisite approaches, in which monitoring is performed by a network of individuals distributed across several national research centers. At a transnational level, multinational networks are also progressively emerging. Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) is one such example. Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most active volcanoes of the World, and is located at the greatest distance from its "mainland" than any other vulnerable "overseas" site, the observatory being 9365 km from its governing body in Paris. Effusive risk is high, so that a well-coordinated and rapid response involving near-real time delivery of trusted, validated and operational product for hazard assessment is critical. Here we review how near-real time assessments of lava flow propagation were developed using rapid provision, and update, of key source terms through a dynamic and open integration of near-real time remote sensing, modeling and measurement capabilities on both the national and international level. The multi-national system evolved during the five effusive crises of 2014-2015, and is now mature for Piton de la Fournaise. This review allows us to identify strong and weak points in an extended observatory system, and demonstrates that enhanced multi-national integration can have fundamental implications in scientific hazard assessment and response during an on-going effusive crisis.

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“…When magma accumulates at shallow depth or propagates toward the surface, it induces seismicity as well as surface displacements, such that geophysical signals recorded at volcanoes have long been used to infer magma path and magma plumbing system characteristics (e.g., Swanson et al, 1983;Voight et al, 1998;Aoki et al, 1999;Roult et al, 2012;Sigmundsson et al, 2015). Recently the ability of geodesy to provide continuous and spatially extensive evolution of surface displacements during inter-eruptive periods has been drastically improved as a consequence of the increasing number of continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks installed on volcanoes (e.g., Geirsson et al, 2012;Peltier et al, 2016) together with the improvement of the availability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data (i.e., better spatial coverage, improved spatial and temporal resolution of SAR data from new satellite missions) (e.g., Pinel et al, 2014). This progress allows to characterize the geometry of magmatic plumbing systems underlying volcanoes in terms of reservoir shapes, depths and numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of Deformation Data for Eruption Forecasting: Potentiality Assessment Based on Synthetic Cases

2017

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In monitoring active volcanoes, the magma overpressure is one of the key parameters used in forecasting volcanic eruptions. This parameter can be inferred from the ground displacements measured on the Earth's surface by applying inversion techniques. However, in most studies, the huge amount of information about the behavior of the volcano contained in the temporal evolution of the deformation signal is not fully exploited by inversion. Our work focuses on developing a strategy in order to better forecast the magma overpressure using data assimilation. We take advantage of the increasing amount of geodetic data [i.e., Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)] recorded on volcanoes nowadays together with the wide-range availability of dynamical models that can provide better understanding about the volcano plumbing system. Here, we particularly built our strategy on the basis of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). We forecast the temporal behaviors of the magma overpressures and surface deformations by adopting a simple and generic two-magma chamber model and by using synthetic GNSS and/or InSAR data. We prove the ability of EnKF to both estimate the magma pressure evolution and constrain the characteristics of the deep volcanic system (i.e., reservoir size as well as basal magma inflow). High temporal frequency of observation is required to ensure the success of EnKF and the quality of assimilation is also improved by increasing the spatial density of observations in the near-field. We thus show that better results are obtained by combining a few GNSS temporal series of high temporal resolution with InSAR images characterized by a good spatial coverage. We also show that EnKF provides similar results to sophisticated Bayesian-based inversion while using the same dynamical model with the advantage of EnKF to potentially account for the temporal evolution of the uncertain model parameters. Our results show that EnKF works well with the synthetic cases and there is a great potential in using the method for real-time monitoring of volcanic unrest.

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Deep fluid transfer evidenced by surface deformation during the 2014–2015 unrest at Piton de la Fournaise volcano

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

First results of the Piton de la Fournaise STRAP 2015 experiment: multidisciplinary tracking of a volcanic gas and aerosol plume

First results of the Piton de la Fournaise STRAP 2015 experiment: multidisciplinary tracking of a volcanic gas and aerosol plume

Effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise 2014–2015: a review of a multi-national response model

Assimilation of Deformation Data for Eruption Forecasting: Potentiality Assessment Based on Synthetic Cases

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