Deep Penetrating and Sensitive Targeted Magnetic Particle Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Early‐Stage Glioblastoma Based on a Biomimetic Nanoplatform

Abstract

Early diagnosis can effectively improve the survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A specific imaging technique that is simultaneously deep penetrating and sensitive to small tissue changes is desired to identify GBM. Due to its excellent features in signal contrast, detection sensitivity, and none or little attenuation in tissue, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) possesses great potential in cancer diagnosis, especially when the imaging modality is equipped with specifically targeted nanoprobes. However, when gliomas are small, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is complete and prevents nanoprobes from entering the brain, which negates the theranostic effect. This study proposes a biomimetic nanoplatform that assist the MPI tracers in breaking through the BBB and then demonstrate a targeted and sensitive diagnosis of GBM. Afterward, the photothermal therapy and immune regulation show an excellent therapeutic effect on the GBM. It is experimentally confirmed that the MPI signal does not decay with tissue depth and shows excellent sensitivity for thousands‐cells. Only small animals are conducted in this study due to the limitations of the current commercial MPI scanner, however, this research theoretically enables large animal and human studies, which encourages a promising pathway toward the noninvasive diagnosis of early‐stage GBM in clinics.

First magnetic particle imaging to assess pulmonary vascular leakage in vivo in the acutely injured and fibrotic lung

“…This problem can be resolved by constant infusion instead of bolus injection of the tracers. Surface‐modified long‐circulating tracers may also be used to enhance pulmonary delivery, as reported in several studies 34–37 . In fact, even in mice without clodronate liposome pretreatment, we observed increased SPIO accumulation in the injured lungs, but to a lesser extent (Figure S3).…”

How Nanotherapeutic Platforms Play a Key Role in Glioma? A Comprehensive Review of Literature

“…It can be used for early and accurate detection and intervention of GBM. 43 Although the gliomas of some patients are inoperable, surgical treatment is still a key measure to reduce or delay the recurrence of most glioma. Developing diagnostic techniques to localize GBM tumors, visualize their borders during surgery, and remove as much of the tumor as possible while preserving normal brain tissue can improve patient prognosis and reduce tumor recurrence.…”

Magnetic Particle Imaging Reveals that Iron-Labeled Extracellular Vesicles Accumulate in Brains of Mice with Metastases

“…In addition, there is no loss of signal due to mammalian tissues, and thus the depth of particles within the body does not adversely affect quantitative imaging. MPI has been used for cancer detection ,− and has been used to track engineered EVs to primary tumors in animal models. In addition to this, other applications of MPI have included vascular imaging, − inflammation, , therapeutic studies , and cell tracking. − Further, groups are working toward improved nanoparticles tailored for MPI, − improvements in MPI hardware and acquisition , and image analysis. , Other imaging methods such as in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) can be used as a complementary imaging modality in rodent models to associate or correlate MPI signals with other biological processes such as sites of metastatic lesions …”