Deep-water facies, processes and models: a review and classification scheme for modern and ancient sediments

Pickering, Kevin T.; Stow, Dorrik; Watson, M. G.; Hiscott, Richard N.

doi:10.1016/0012-8252(86)90001-2

Cited by 391 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The sed i men tary suc ces sions were in ves ti gated bed by bed. Lithofacies were speci fied on the ba sis of grain size, bed thick ness and ge om e try, sed imen tary struc tures and tex tures, as well as com po si tion (sensu Pickering et al, 1986). Depositional en vi ron ments were in terpreted us ing lithofacies as so ci a tions.…”

Section: Materials and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk of the flysch fa cies has the char ac ter of clas sic turbidites (lithofacies D2.1, C2.1, C2.2 and C2.3, sensu Pickering et al, 1986). Thin to thick-bed ded sandstone-mudstone (C2.1 to C2.3) or siltstone-mudstone (D2.1) cou plets gen er ally show nor mal grad ing with par tial or com plete Bouma se quences (Ta-Te, sensu Bouma, 1962).…”

Section: Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lo cally, thick to very thick beds of greywacke quartz-carbon if er ous sand stone, over lain by very thick lay ers of grey calcar e ous silty claystone (lithofacies C2.4, sensu Pickering et al, 1986), are pres ent. The sand stone-mudstone cou plets commonly reach up to 5 m in thick ness.…”

Section: Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have ob served sev eral lithofacies (sensu Pickering et al, 1986): lithofacies A2.4 -a very thick to thick-bed ded, clast-sup ported con glom er ate is com monly normally graded to strat i fied peb bly sand stone, lithofacies A2.8 -a nor mally graded peb bly sand stone usu ally over lain by strat i fied (rip ple-cross, si nu soi dal and par al lel lam i na tion) gran ule sandstone, lithofacies B1.1 -thick to me dium-bed ded mas sive sand stones, lithofacies B1.2 -thin-bed ded mas sive sandstones and lithofacies C2.1 -thick-bed ded sand stone-mudstone cou plets with well-de vel oped Bouma in ter vals, mostly Tac(d)e, Ta(d)e, Tbc(d)e. The lithofacies dis tin guished orig inated mostly from con cen trated den sity flows in chan nels or in tran si tion zones be tween chan nels and lobes. De po si tion from tur bid ity cur rents was of mi nor im por tance in this case.…”

Section: Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Heavy minerals from sedimentary rocks of the Malcov Formation and their palaeogeographic implications for evolution of the Magura Basin (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) during the Late Eocene – Late Oligocene

Bónová

Bóna²,

Kováčik

et al. 2016

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Section: Materials and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sedimentologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heavy minerals from sedimentary rocks of the Malcov Formation and their palaeogeographic implications for evolution of the Magura Basin (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) during the Late Eocene – Late Oligocene

Bónová

Bóna²,

Kováčik

et al. 2016

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“…The different sedimentary facies which were developed by various transport mechanisms reflect the corresponding architecture and feeding systems (Pickering et al 1986). The varying architecture within the depositional systems, which mainly consist of MTDs, channel-levee complex, submarine/basin …”

Section: Sedimentary Architecture Of Depositional Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sea-level change in deep water deposition along a carbonate shelf margin, Early and Middle Permian, Delaware Basin: implications for reservoir characterization

Li¹,

Yu²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The architecture and sedimentary characteristics of deep water deposition can reflect influences of sea-level change on depositional processes on the shelf edge, slope, and basin floor. Outcrops of the northern slope and basin floor of the Delaware Basin in west Texas are progressively exposed due to canyon incision and road cutting. The outcrops in the Delaware Basin were measured to characterize gravity flow deposits in deep water of the basin. Subsurface data from the East Ford and Red Tank fields in the central and northeastern Delaware Basin were used to study reservoir architectures and properties. Depositional models of deep water gravity flows at different stages of sea-level change were constructed on the basis of outcrop and subsurface data. In the falling-stage system tracts, sandy debris with collapses of reef carbonates are deposited on the slope, and high-density turbidites on the slope toe and basin floor. In the low-stand system tracts, deep water fans that consist of mixed sand/mud facies on the basin floor are comprised of high-to low-density turbidites. In the transgression and high-stand system tracts, channel-levee systems and elongate lobes of mud-rich calciturbidite deposits formed as a result of sea level rise and scarcity of sandy sediment supply. For the reservoir architecture, the fan-like debris and high-density turbidites show high net-to-gross ratio of 62 %, which indicates the sandiest reservoirs for hydrocarbon accumulation. Lobe-like deep water fans with net-to-gross ratio of 57 % facilitate the formation of high quality sandy reservoirs. The channel-levee systems with muddy calciturbidites have low net-to-gross ratio of 30 %.

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Neoproterozoic Glaciated Basins: A Critical Review of the Snowball Earth Hypothesis by Comparison with Phanerozoic Glaciations

Etienne¹,

Allen

Rieu

et al. 2007

Glacial Sedimentary Processes and Products

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The Neoproterozoic is widely considered to have experienced some of the most severe climatic perturbations recorded in Earth history, with extensive glaciations often referred to as 'Snowball Earth' events. The Snowball Earth and competing hypotheses seek to explain a wide range of geological data on Neoproterozoic pre-, syn-and post-glacial successions including glacial sedimentology, chemostratigraphy, palaeoceanography, geochronology, palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography, geodynamics, tectonics, palaeontology and palaeobiogeochemistry. However, our understanding of the Phanerozoic and particularly the Cenozoic and contemporary glacial geological record is often relatively neglected when evaluating the evidence for apparent severe and prolonged periods of globally synchronous glaciation. This paper presents a review of the available geological data for Neoproterozoic glacial successions in the light of what we know about the Cenozoic and recent glacial record. Most Neoproterozoic successions are shown to exhibit spatial and temporal variability, with sediment stacking patterns and facies associations indicative of dynamic ice masses. These characteristics are typical of sedimentary sequences deposited along glaciated continental margins throughout Earth history, without the need for global synchroneity or necessarily severe climatic excursions. Although recurrent very widespread glaciation is envisaged in the Neoproterozoic, the presence of analogous glacigenic and interglacial successions in the Neoproterozoic and Cenozoic suggest the operation of a similar set of processes across a similar range of depositional environments. Consequently, an unambiguous sedimentary record of hydrological shutdown during a prolonged global glaciation appears to be lacking. This indicates either a preservational bias in Neoproterozoic successions of the advance and recessional stages of glacial epochs, or the occurrence of dynamic, non-global glaciations during the Neoproterozoic.

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Deep-water facies, processes and models: a review and classification scheme for modern and ancient sediments

Cited by 391 publications

References 114 publications

Heavy minerals from sedimentary rocks of the Malcov Formation and their palaeogeographic implications for evolution of the Magura Basin (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) during the Late Eocene – Late Oligocene

Heavy minerals from sedimentary rocks of the Malcov Formation and their palaeogeographic implications for evolution of the Magura Basin (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) during the Late Eocene – Late Oligocene

Role of sea-level change in deep water deposition along a carbonate shelf margin, Early and Middle Permian, Delaware Basin: implications for reservoir characterization

Neoproterozoic Glaciated Basins: A Critical Review of the Snowball Earth Hypothesis by Comparison with Phanerozoic Glaciations

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