Deer Bone Oil Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deer bone oil extract (DBOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. DBOE was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain two fractions: methanol fraction (DBO-M) and hexane fraction (DBO-H). TLC showed that DBO-M had relatively more hydrophilic lipid complexes, including unsaturated fatty acids, than DBOE and DBO-H. The relative compositions of tetradecenoyl carnitine, α-linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased in the DBO-M fraction by 61, 38, and 32%, respectively, compared with DBOE. The concentration of sugar moieties was 3-fold higher in the DBO-M fraction than DBOE and DBO-H. DBO-M significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This DBO-M-mediated decrease in NO production was due to downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12β, was suppressed by DBO-M. Our data showed that DBO-M, which has relatively higher sugar content than DBOE and DBO-H, could play an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators.

Effect of nanoprocessing on the physicochemical properties of bovine, porcine, chicken, and rabbit bone powders

“…Generally, bone use has been limited in the field of food study due to its coarse and grainy texture, and bone is still mainly used as animal feed or plant fertilizer because of its low price (Buckley et al., 2012; Genisel et al, 2012). To improve the added value of animal bones, some of them are used for intensive processing, including extraction of bone protein (Dong et al., 2014; Song et al., 2016) and bone oil (Choi et al., 2016; Hagura et al., 2002), and preparation of natural hydroxyapatite (Heidari et al., 2018; Nam et al., 2019), gelatin (Li et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2016), and essence (You et al., 2020). However, the utilization of bone in these processes is limited, and more comprehensive use of bone still needs further study.…”

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Gegen Decoction and Its Modulatory Mechanism on the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

“…Under LPS induction, RAW 264.7 cells can simulate inflammatory reaction, release or up regulate various inflammatory mediators, such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, etc. 19,20) Many researches have shown that MAPKs pathway intimately go hand in hand with inflammatory response. Activation of MAPKs initiates from the phosphorylation of its three family members (ERK, JNK, p38) and is considered as a significant molecular target because it is associated with LPS-induced inflammatory responses.…”

The Effect of Rusa unicolor Antler Extracts from East Kalimantan in Bone Turnover Cell Models

“…Both of them did not have any cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages (Fig.1). According to Choi et al (2016), 26 the ability of deer bone methanol fraction in reducing NO production was a result of decreased regulation and expression mRNA from pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), IL-12β, and IL-1β. The methanol fraction containing sugar played an essential role in lowering inflammatory responses by controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators.…”