Defect induces effect on LaCoO3: From diamagnetism to ferrimagnetism due to vacancy in the bulk lattice

The spin–orbit–phonon coupling and crystalline elasticity of LaCoO3 perovskite

“…Thus, the surface contribution can be neglected entirely in this study. On the other hand, Pimental et al, 24 pointed out that higher concentration point defects would prevent the valence number of Co ions to reach the perfect +3 valence. Although they proposed that antiferromagnetic coupling between Co 3+ /Co 4+ may induce a weak canted-spin ferromagnetic moment, which lacks microscopic model, it's challenging to apply their interpretation to explain our observations based on current experimental results.…”