Defining Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Count Reference Values in Neonates and Young Infants

Kestenbaum, Lori A.; Ebberson, Jessica; Zorc, Joseph J.; Hodinka, Richard L.; Shah, Samir S.

doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1181

Cited by 145 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In studies that have excluded infants with "traumatic taps" (or nonbacterial illnesses), the mean number of white blood cells in uninfected preterm or term infants was consistently <10 cells/mm 3 . [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Cell counts 2 standard deviations from the mean were generally less than 20 cells/mm 3 . 46 In a study by Garges et al, the median number of white blood cells in infants who were born at greater than 34 weeks' gestation and had bacterial meningitis was 477/mm 3 .…”

Section: Lumbar Puncturementioning

confidence: 91%

“…55 Protein concentrations in uninfected, term newborn infants are <100 mg/ dL. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Preterm infants have CSF protein concentrations that vary inversely with gestational age. In the normoglycemic newborn infant, glucose concentrations in CSF are similar to those in older infants and children (70%-80% of a simultaneously obtained blood specimen).…”

Section: Lumbar Puncturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of Neonates With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis

Polin¹,

Newborn²

2012

Pediatrics

695

433

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With improved obstetrical management and evidence-based use of intrapartum antimicrobial therapy, early-onset neonatal sepsis is becoming less frequent. However, early-onset sepsis remains one of the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the preterm population. The identification of neonates at risk for early-onset sepsis is frequently based on a constellation of perinatal risk factors that are neither sensitive nor specific. Furthermore, diagnostic tests for neonatal sepsis have a poor positive predictive accuracy. As a result, clinicians often treat well-appearing infants for extended periods of time, even when bacterial cultures are negative. The optimal treatment of infants with suspected early-onset sepsis is broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents (ampicillin and an aminoglycoside). Once a pathogen is identified, antimicrobial therapy should be narrowed (unless synergism is needed). Recent data suggest an association between prolonged empirical treatment of preterm infants (≥5 days) with broad-spectrum antibiotics and higher risks of late onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and mortality. To reduce these risks, antimicrobial therapy should be discontinued at 48 hours in clinical situations in which the probability of sepsis is low. The purpose of this clinical report is to provide a practical and, when possible, evidence-based approach to the management of infants with suspected or proven early-onset sepsis. Pediatrics

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Section: Lumbar Puncturementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Lumbar Puncturementioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Neonates With Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Bacterial Sepsis

Polin¹,

Newborn²

2012

Pediatrics

695

433

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[14] Although asthma cannot be cured at present, symptoms can be controlled with appropriate medical treatment, self-management education, and by avoiding exposure to environmental allergens and irritants that can trigger an attack. [15][16] Mostly the complications of bronchial asthma could be influenced by poor knowledge, poor use of inhaler technique, on compliance and negative attitude toward the illness and the drugs. [17] The proper management of bronchial asthma of children requires attention to the behavior of teachers of asthmatic children and also to the underlying beliefs which derive that behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Asthma among School Teachers in urban area of Quetta, Pakistan

Aqeel¹,

Akbar²,

Dhingra³

et al. 2015

JPPCM

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Objective : Current study is conducted to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and source of information of asthma among school teachers those who are working in government and private schools in urban area of Quetta district in Balochistan Province, Pakistan.Methodology : A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted among School teachers in Quetta city of Pakistan. Convenience sampling approach was used to recruit 330 teachers based on sample size calculation. A content-and face-validated questionnaire was used to collect the data from the participants. The collected data were reviewed and statistically analyzed by using SPSS. Man Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to relate the study variables.Results : The recent study shows that 57% teachers have knowledge about asthma and exacerbate factors which increased the risk of asthma attack. Knowledge of female teachers were better as compared to male teachers (p = 0.002). Education levels and school type also affect the knowledge of teachers. Conclusion :This study highlights that school teachers need to train to recognize the early symptoms of asthma in the class room and seek appropriate treatment. The delay of such necessary treatment can have serious consequences or even death. An educational program is needed for Quetta teachers to increase their knowledge about asthma and to meet the needs of a child with asthma to improve wellbeing and school attendance.

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“…Normal values for leukocyte cell count vary with age, and in general a higher value is accepted as normal in younger children. In a recent study normal values for leukocyte counts (under 95 th percentile) in children younger than 56 days were redefined as <19/μl for infants aged 0-28 days and <9/μl for infants aged 29-56 days (Kestenbaum et al, 2010). Furthermore, CSF glucose levels in children infected with HPeV are usually normal, while CSF protein levels can be normal or elevated (Pineiro et al, 2010;Selvarangan et al, 2011;Verboon-Maciolek et al, 2008a;Wolthers et al, 2008); thus normal CSF findings therefore do not rule out an HPeV meningitis or encephalitis.…”

Section: Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis Of Hpev Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%