Defining Cognitive Reserve and Implications for Cognitive Aging

Woo

et al. 2019

Preprint

Background To develop a disease progression model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that shows cognitive decline from subjective cognitive impairments (SCI) to dementia and to investigate the effect of education level on the whole disease spectrum. Methods We enrolled 565 patients who were followed up more than three times and had a clinical dementia rating sum of boxes (CDR-SB) score. Three cohorts, SCI (n=85), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (AMCI, n=240), and AD dementia (ADD, n=240), were overlapped in two consecutive cohorts (SCI and AMCI, AMCI and ADD) to construct a model of disease course, and a model with multiple single-cohorts was estimated using a mixed-effect model. To examine the effect of education level on disease progression, the disease progression model was developed with data from lower (≤12) and higher (>12) education groups. Results Disease progression takes 277.0 months (23.1 years) to advance from 0 to 18 points using the CDR-SB score. Based on our predictive equation, it takes 101.9 months to progress from SCI to AMCI and 71.1 months to progress from AMCI to ADD. The rate of CDR-SB progression was different according to education level. The lower-education group showed faster CDR-SB progression from SCI to AMCI compared to the higher-education group, and this trend disappeared from AMCI to ADD. Conclusion In the present study, we developed a disease progression model of AD spectrum from preclinical to the end stage of the disease. Our findings suggest that the contribution of education to cognitive decline varies depending on disease stage.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Disease progression modeling of Alzheimer’s disease according to education level

Woo

et al. 2019

Preprint

“…This is unlikely a result of screening or diagnostic bias as all neuropsychological tests have been corrected for education. Some researchers believe that education can enhance the brain's ability to make e cient use of cognitive networks [130,131] . Furthermore, those who live alone are more likely to have MCI.…”

Section: Factors Associated With the Prevalence Of MCI And Amcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Chinese Populations Aged over 55 years: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Lü

Liu²,

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype. This study aims to synthesise the prevalence results of MCI and aMCI in community-dwelling populations in China through a meta-analysis and systematic review.Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. English and Chinese studies published before 1 March 2020 were searched from ten electronic bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened for relevance of the studies against the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Tool independently. A random-effect model was adopted to estimate the prevalence of MCI and aMCI, followed by subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Sensitivity and publication bias tests were performed to verify the robustness of the meta-analyses.Results: A total of 41 studies with 112,632 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The Chinese community-dwelling populations over 55 years old had a pooled prevalence of 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.6%, 14.2%] for MCI and 10.9% [95% CI: 7.7%, 15.4%] for aMCI, respectively. The prevalence of MCI increased with age. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic tool (DSM-IV) generated the highest MCI prevalence (13.5%), followed by the Petersen criteria (12.9%), and the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria (10.3%). Women, rural residents, and those who lived alone and had low levels of education had higher MCI prevalence than others. Conclusion：Higher MCI prevalence was identified in community-dwelling populations in China compared with some other countries, possibly due to more relaxed criteria being adopted for confirming the diagnosis. The study shows that aMCI accounts for 66.5% of MCI, which is consistent with findings of studies undertaken elsewhere.Systematic review registration number： PROSPERO CRD42019134686

“…Tavares Além das variáveis citadas acima, os desafios intelectuais, como ler e escrever, fazem parte das diferenças individuais que contribuem para a acumulação de reservas ao longo da vida. Até mesmo o status socioeconômico e o nível de envolvimento nos estilos de vida são variáveis descritivas de experiências de vida relevantes para o nível de RC (Pettigrew, & Soldan, 2019;Sobral, & Paúl, 2015;Staff, Murray, Deary, & Whalley, 2004).…”

Section: O Termo Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (Ccl) Ou No Originalunclassified

“…A RC trata-se de um construto teórico que não pode ser diretamente observado; por isso, tornou-se necessária a construção de instrumentos que possibilitem quantificar e avaliar, de forma empírica, esse conceito (Pettigrew, & Soldan, 2019).…”

Section: O Termo Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (Ccl) Ou No Originalunclassified

“…São Paulo (SP), Brasil: FACHS/NEPE/PEPGG/PUC-SP impactam as alterações devidas ao envelhecimento, a patologias ou a lesões cerebrais (Stern, et al, 2018). Em outras palavras, RC é a capacidade de resiliência cerebral que as experiências da vida, combinadas a fatores genéticos, influenciam na capacidade de as pessoas lidarem melhor com as doenças cerebrais ou com o processo de envelhecimento (Pettigrew, & Soldan, 2019).…”

unclassified

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Reserva Cognitiva e Abertura à Experiência em idosos sem demência: um estudo correlacional

2019

O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar acerca da Reserva Cognitiva (RC) e da Abertura à Experiência (AE) em idosos sem demência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva, correlacional e quantitativa, da qual participaram 31 idosos divididos em dois grupos: Saudável e Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL). Houve correlação moderada, positiva e significativa (r = 0,463; p < 0,01) entre RC e AE. Percebeu-se que os idosos saudáveis (M = 0,53; DP = 0,10) apresentaram significativamente [t = (29) 3,785; p < 0,01] maior índice de RC em comparação aos idosos com CCL (M = 0,39; DP = 0,11). Os dados confirmaram que existe associação entre RC e AE, e que idosos saudáveis apresentam maior RC, comparados a idosos com CCL. Este estudo possibilitou conhecer possíveis relações e diferenças subjacentes ao processo de aquisição das reservas cognitivas e de fatores relativos a AE, podendo contribuir para que mais pesquisas sejam feitas, buscando maiores evidências no campo da ciência.