Degradation Mechanism in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Operated with Demineralised Brown Coal

Rady, Adam C.; Giddey, Sarbjit; Kulkarni, Aniruddha; Badwal, S. P. S.; Bhattacharya, Sankar

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.088

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Based upon these preliminary investigations, upgraded coals seem to be adequate solid fuels for a DC-SOFC. The data existing in literature [30,33,34] indicated that power output Pmax for DC-SOFC supplied by coals reached values close to 100-120 mW/cm 2…”

Section: Electrochemical Oxidation Of Carbon-based Solid Fuels On Thementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Pyrolysis gases oxidise more easily than solid carbon particles on the Ni-YSZ surface. In this case, the electrochemical oxidation of carbon particles is less significant than the gaseous fuel [33]. Figure 12 presents the typical U-I curves recorded for DC-SOFC (5) supplied with purified C1 samples.…”

Section: Electrochemical Oxidation Of Carbon-based Solid Fuels On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilisation of coal for energy production in fuel cells

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In this paper a brief characterization of fuel cell technology and its possible application in sustainable energy development was described. Special attention was paid to direct carbon fuel cell technology. The direct carbon fuel cell is an electrochemical device which directly converts the chemical energy of carbonaceous based fuel into electricity without 'flame burning'. The electrical efficiency of a DCFC is indeed very high (in practice exceeding 80%), and the product of conversion consists of almost pure CO2, eliminating the most expensive step of sequestration: the separation of carbon from flue gases. In this paper the process of electrochemical oxidation of carbon particles on the surface of oxide electrolytes at 8% mol Y2O3 in ZrO2 (8YSZ) as well as cermet anode Ni-8YSZ was analysed. The graphite, carbon black powders were considered as reference solid fuels for coal samples. It was found that the main factors contributing to the electrochemical reactivity of carbon particles is not only the high carbon content in samples but also structural disorder. It was found that structurally disordered carbon-based materials are the most promising solid fuels for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells. Special impact was placed on the consideration of coal as possible solid fuels for DC-SOFC. Statistical and economic analyses show that in the coming decades, in developing countries such as China, India, and some EU countries, coal-fuelled power plants will maintain their strong position in the power sector due to their reliability and low costs as well as the large reserves of coal and lignite in the world. Coal is mined in politically stable areas, which guarantees its easy and safe purchase and transport. The impact of the physiochemical properties of raw and purified coal on the performance of the DC-SOFC was studied. An analysis of the stability of electrical parameters was performed for a DC-SOFC operating under a load over an extended period of time. The tests indicated that DC-SOFCs fed with de-ashed coal were characterized by stable operation, with a power density greater than 100 mW/cm 2 from a single cell.

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Section: Electrochemical Oxidation Of Carbon-based Solid Fuels On Thementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Electrochemical Oxidation Of Carbon-based Solid Fuels On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of coal for energy production in fuel cells

et al. 2016

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“…Relatively few studies have examined the dependence of DCFC performance on CO 2 content in mixed inert (e.g., N 2 )e CO 2 atmospheres [2,4,6,50]. Similarly, investigations including the introduction of CO over a carbon bed, such as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Sweep Gas: N 2 Eco 2 and Coecomentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Deleebeeck

Arenillas

Menéndez

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) Bituminous coal Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide a b s t r a c t A 3-electrode half-cell setup consisting of a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte support was employed to investigate the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring in the vicinity of a model hybrid direct carbon fuel cell (HDCFC) anode (Ni-YSZ) in contact with a molten carbon-alkali carbonate slurry. Electrochemical testing, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with and without the Ni-YSZ layer highlighted the promotional effect of the Ni-YSZ anode layer, and revealed the contributions of Ni/NiO, and potentially K/K 2 O, redox couple(s). Treated anthracite and bituminous coals, as well as carbon black, were tested, revealing similar open circuit potential and activation energies in mixed 96e4 vol% N 2 eCO 2 and 50e50 vol% COeCO 2 environments between 700 and 800 C. Bituminous coal showed the highest activity, likely associated to a high O/C ratio and hydrogen content. Based on acquired data, a reaction scheme was proposed for processes at the working electrode, including the role of bubble formation in the vicinity of the electrochemically active solid/molten medium interface.

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“…Despite the large variety of fuels that have been suggested for fuel cell systems at a cell level there is very little variation in what a fuel cell operates on [11]. Essentially, with the exception of direct alcohol and direct borohydride fuel cells, all commercial fuel cells operate on pure hydrogen or a mixture of pure hydrogen and CO.…”

Section: Fuels For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Chen

Gao

Long

et al. 2015

ILCPA

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Fuel cells are under development for a range of applications for transport, stationary and portable power appliances. Fuel cell technology has advanced to the stage where commercial field trials for both transport and stationary applications are in progress. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) utilize solid carbon as the fuel and have historically attracted less investment than other types of gas or liquid fed fuel cells. However, volatility in gas and oil commodity prices and the increasing concern about the environmental impact of burning heavy fossil fuels for power generation has led to DCFCs gaining more attention within the global study community. A DCFC converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity through its direct electrochemical oxidation. The fuel utilization can be almost 100% as the fuel feed and product gases are distinct phases and thus can be easily separated. This is not the case with other fuel cell types for which the fuel utilization within the cell is typically limited to below 85%. The theoretical efficiency is also high, around 100%. The combination of these two factors, lead to the projected electric efficiency of DCFC approaching 80% -approximately twice the efficiency of current generation coal fired power plants, thus leading to a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of CO 2 for storage/sequestration is also halved. Moreover, the exit gas is an almost pure CO 2 stream, requiring little or no gas separation before compression for sequestration. Therefore, the energy and cost penalties to capture the CO 2 will also be significantly less than for other technologies. Furthermore, a variety of abundant fuels such as coal, coke, tar, biomass and organic waste can be used. Despite these advantages, the technology is at an early stage of development requiring solutions to many complex challenges related to materials degradation, fuel delivery, reaction kinetics, stack fabrication and system design, before it can be considered for commercialization. This paper, following a brief introduction to other fuel cells, reviews in detail the current status of the direct carbon fuel cell technology, recent progress, technical challenges and discusses the future of the technology.

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Degradation Mechanism in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Operated with Demineralised Brown Coal

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Utilisation of coal for energy production in fuel cells

Utilisation of coal for energy production in fuel cells

Hybrid direct carbon fuel cell anode processes investigated using a 3-electrode half-cell setup

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

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