Dehydroandrographolide inhibits mastitis by activating autophagy without affecting intestinal flora

Abstract

Mastitis can seriously damage the physical and mental health of lactating women. The use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs may damage the flora balance in lactating women. To alleviate mastitis in lactating women and reduce drug-induced damage to the flora, we found that dehydroandrographolide (Deh) has good anti-inflammatory and bacterial balance functions. In vivo , we found that Deh significantly inhibited the expression of MPO, IL6, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2 and iNOS and reduced pathological damage to the mammary gland. The feces in the control and Deh groups were collected and sequenced for 16S flora. The results showed that Deh did not change the primary intestinal microflora composition of the two groups. In vitro , our study showed that Deh significantly inhibited the expression of IL6, IL-1β and TNF-α in the EpH4-Ev cell line. When an AMPK inhibitor was added, the anti-inflammatory effect of Deh was blocked. To further study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Deh, we found that Deh significantly promoted autophagy through the phosphorylation of AMPK, Beclin and ULK1. In conclusion, our study found that Deh promoted autophagy and played an anti-inflammatory role by activating the AMPK/Beclin/ULK1 signaling pathway and did not affect intestinal flora.

Phytic Acid Maintains the Integrity of the Blood–Milk Barrier by Regulating Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Flora Structure

“…The mMECs are sentinel cells in the mammary gland, and they first recognize pathogenic molecular patterns (such as LPS) to induce inflammation. 22 Therefore, we stimulated mMECs with LPS to establish an in vitro model to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PA. First, to test whether PA has a toxic effect on mMECs, we analyzed the cytotoxicity of PA in mMECs using the CCK-8 assay. The results showed that when the PA concentration was lower than 5 mM, PA was nontoxic to mMECs (Figure 4a).…”

The effects and mechanisms of the anti-COVID-19 traditional Chinese medicine, Dehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall, on acute lung injury by the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis

“…Wall in some aspects ( Huo et al, 2021 ). Several experiments have confirmed that Deh has pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities ( Liu et al, 2019b ; Guo et al, 2020 ; Huo et al, 2021 ). However, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.…”

“…Wall) is one of the main components of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall ( Guo et al, 2020 ). Deh's pharmacological effect is considered stronger than that of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)…”

Dehydroandrographolide targets CD300f and negatively regulated MRGPRX2‐induced pseudo‐allergic reaction

“…Dehydroandrographolide (DA) is a principal component of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (family: Acanthaceae) is considered the main contributor to its therapeutic properties (Liu et al, 2020), and has been reported to have significant antiinflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro (Guo et al, 2020; Weng et al, 2018). In addition, DA inhibits IgE‐induced anaphylactic reactions (Che et al, 2019).…”