“…Asphalt mixture is widely used in road construction, and its quality has a crucial impact on road service life, driving safety, and comfort [1][2]. However, in cold weather during winter, road icing, snow accumulation, and other factors pose significant safety hazards and economic losses to road traffic [3]. Therefore, deicing salt is widely applied in road ice and snow removal, which works by melting ice and snow on the surface and preventing them from freezing again [4].…”