Delay differential equations for the description of Irbesartan pharmacokinetics: A population approach to model absorption complexities leading to dual peaks

An In Vitro–In Vivo Simulation Approach for the Prediction of Bioequivalence

“…Initially, a literature search was performed to identify the pharmacokinetic model and the parameter estimates for the three drugs. In case of amlodipine and irbesartan, relevant information was reported in the bibliography and utilized in the simulations [48][49][50]. For hydrochlorthiazide, the necessary pharmacokinetic data were obtained from two relevant literature sources [51,52].…”

“…In this study, the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for the three drugs (amlodipine, irbesartan, hydrochlorthiazide) were taken from the literature. For amlodipine, a onecompartment model with first order absorption and elimination was used, while the kinetics of irbesartan and hydrochlorthiazide kinetics were described by a two-compartment model with lag-time in absorption and first-order kinetic transfers [48][49][50][51][52].…”

Analysis of the Sign of the Solution for Certain Second-Order Periodic Boundary Value Problems with Piecewise Constant Arguments

“…Proof. It is deduced from the expression of the unique solution to (2) given in Theorem A4 (Theorem 3.1 [20]):…”

“…Delay differential equations find interesting applications in fields like biology, fisiology, physics, etc. Some interesting and recent applications of this type of equations appear, for instance, when proposing a mathematical model for electrohydraulic servomechanisms [1], absorption complexities in pharmacokinetics [2], the approximation of Fitzhugh-Nagumo and Hodgkin-Huxley models for action potential generation in excitable cells [3], tick population with diapause [4], or thermal models for variable pipe flow [5].…”

“…The study of the sign of h 1 is reduced to the study of the sign of b + d and the function s → sin Rs. The assertions concerning h 1 are, therefore, valid.Notice that we consider R = b − a2 4 ≤ π in order to keep the sign of sin b − a 2 4 s positive on (0, 1). Now, we consider:h 2 (s) = e − a by R := b − a 24 , thus, the derivative of h 2 is the function:h 2 (s) = e − a cos Rs + − a 2R 1 + ac 2b − cR bsin Rs =: e − a 2 s ϕ(s), ∀s.…”