Delayed Feathering, A Third Allele at the K Locus of the Domestic Fowl

Somes, Ralph G.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107994

Cited by 24 publications

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“…The solution of this urgent task will significantly reduce the requirements for personnel, the percentage of errors and allow rapid of sorting of chickens. For broiler sexing, a different rate of wing feathering is used in chickens of the opposite sex at 1-day age [1][2][3]. The genetics of this phenomenon is well studied [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR GENOTYPING OF CHICKEN (Gallus gallus L.) FEATHERING GENES IN CONNECTION WITH SEPARATION BY SEX

Alekseev¹,

Borodin²,

Nikulin³

et al. 2017

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tTraditional breeding is time and material consuming. Modern laboratory techniques significantly speed up and reduce the costs for breeding animals with the desired properties. A test based on the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technology was developed to distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous state of the genes from alleles K and k which are responsible for the rate of wing feather growth in day-old chicks. The use of quantitative real-time PCR for the analysis of genotypes is aimed at the discrimination between one and two copies of the target gene in a genome. To obtain reliable results, certain rules must be followed when conducting the assay: the efficiency of the PCR should be close to the maximum; it is possible to obtain a significant number of false results without the appropriate statistical analysis. A new assay algorithm was proposed to overcome the limitations of qPCR: all samples are subjected to two successive independent analyses in parallel with the reference samples of both genotypes; if the two runs produce divergent results then the assay is repeated and the previous results are discarded. This approach allows to reduce assay error probability down to zero. The new system consists of three (instead of four) primers for amplification of two genes and two probes, allowing efficient analysis of various allele K genotypes. Quantitative realtime PCR data analysis was performed by ΔΔCt method using the statistics software package SPSS for ROC analysis. Using the method developed, the percentage of KK, Kk and kk genotypes was determined in 145 cocks of original lines B5, B6, B7 and B9 of domestic meat chicken of cross Smena 8. It was shown that 19 cocks of line B5 and 15 cocks of line B6 had kk genotype. From the 46 cocks of line B7, none had kk genotype, 17 cocks (37 %) had Kk genotype, and 29 cocks (63 %) had KK genotype. From the 65 cocks of line B9, none had kk genotype, 17 cocks (26 %) had Kk genotype, and 48 cocks (74 %) had KK genotype. Analyzed fragments were sequenced to exclude the effects of possible nucleotide sequence variability on the assay. The sequences did not contain any nucleotide substitutions in the sites of the primers and probes annealing. The data obtained will accelerate selection of new domestic meat chicken breeds with possibility of sexing based on feather length in day-old chicken. Further breeding work involves the assessment of the offspring using traditional and molecular genetic methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR GENOTYPING OF CHICKEN (Gallus gallus L.) FEATHERING GENES IN CONNECTION WITH SEPARATION BY SEX

Alekseev¹,

Borodin²,

Nikulin³

et al. 2017

S-h. biol.

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“…닭에 있어 반성 유전자들로서는 횡반 유전자 (Spillman, 1908;Punnett, 1923;Dorshorst and Ashwell, 2009;Hellstrom et al, 2010), 왜소 유전자 (Hutt, 1959;Tixier-Boichard et al, 1990;Merat et al, 1994;Cole, 2000), 색소 침착 억제 유전 자 (Bitgood, 1985;Zhang et al, 2000;Dorshorst and Ashwell, 2009), 만우성 유전자 (Serebrovsky, 1922;Somes, 1969;Harris et al, 1984;Bacon et al, 1986;Bitgood, 1999;Khosravinia, 2009), 안구 돌출 유전자 (Bitgood and Whitley, 1986;Bitgood et al, 1996), 은색 유전자 (Henderson, 1959;Carte and Smith, 1969;Gawron and Smyth, 1980;Bitgood, 1999), 백색 피부 유전자 (McGibbon, 1981;Sato et al, 2007) 등이 알려져 있 고, 이러한 유전자들 중 은색 깃털 유전자, 횡반 유전자 및 만우성 유전자는 병아리 성 감별에 직접 활용되고 있는 유 전자들이다. 이들 중 우모 발생 속도에 관여하는 만우성 유 전자를 이용한 깃털 감별법(feather-sexing)이 산업적으로 가 장 널리 이용되고 있다 (Mueller and Moultrie, 1952;Plumart and Mueller, 1954;Siegel et al, 1957;Somes, 1969;Warren, 1976;McGibbon, 1977;SAFRS, 2011, Sohn et al, 2012.…”

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“…이들 중 우모 발생 속도에 관여하는 만우성 유 전자를 이용한 깃털 감별법(feather-sexing)이 산업적으로 가 장 널리 이용되고 있다 (Mueller and Moultrie, 1952;Plumart and Mueller, 1954;Siegel et al, 1957;Somes, 1969;Warren, 1976;McGibbon, 1977;SAFRS, 2011, Sohn et al, 2012. 깃 털 감별법은 우모 발생 속도에 관여하는 조우성(early-fea- et al, 1988;Iraqi and Smith, 1995;Bitgood, 1999;Elferink et al, 2008) (Plumart and Mueller, 1954;Somes, 1970;Dunnington and Siegel, 1986a), 일부 연구자들은 성장율과 이들 형 질간에 거의 관련이 없다고 하였다 (Hays, 1951;Godfrey and Farnsworth, 1952;Lowe et al, 1965).…”

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Influence of Early- and Late-feathering Phenotype on Productive Performance in the Feather-sexing Strains of Korean Native Chicken

Sohn

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2013

Korean Journal of Poultry Science

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The vent sexing and the auto-sexing by using sex-linked traits are general sexing methods of day-old chicks. Currently, the feather sexing which is based on the differences in the feather characteristics at hatching is the representative sexing method of chicken, because the late-feathering is sex-linked trait. The feather sexing can be used if the breed has dominant feathering gene (K) in maternal and recessive gene (k + ) in paternal. Therefore it is necessary to identify the association of feathering genes and quantitative traits in chickens. In this study, we investigated the influence of the rate of feathering on productive traits in Korean Native Chicken. In results, there was no significant difference between early-feathering chickens and late-feathering chickens in reproductive performance such as fertility and hatchability. Livability, body weights, egg production, egg weight and egg quality also did not significantly differ between early-and late-feathering chickens. Age at first egg was the only trait of those tested in which significant difference was observed. The early-feathering chickens laid eggs 3 days earlier than late-feathering chicken. As a result, there is no influence of feathering phenotypes on productive performance in Korean Native Chickens. Consequentially, establishing the feather sexing strain is available using the Korean Native Chicken breed without considering of the effect of feathering genes on productive traits.

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“…한편 반성유전형질을 이용한 병아리의 암수 감별은 은색깃털유전 자 (Henderson, 1959), 횡반유전자 (Spillman, 1908), 만우성유전 자 (Serebrovsky, 1922) 등 표현형적 구분이 가능한 반성유전자들 을 이용하여 발생된 개체의 외형으로서 성을 구분하는 방법이다. 이들 중 깃털 성장의 조만성을 이용하여 초생추의 날개 깃 및 꼬리 깃의 형태적 차이로 성을 감별하는 방법이 산업적으로 널리 활용되 고 있다 Moultrie, 1952 Plumart andMueller, 1954;Siegel et al, 1957;Somes, 1969;Warren, 1976;Fig. 2.…”

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“…, 1977, SAFRS, 2011. 이러한 깃털감별법(feathersexing)은 조우성(rapid-feathering)과 만우성(slow-feathering)에 관여하는 유전자(K, k + )가 Z 염색체에 위치하기 때문에 (Bacon et al, 1988;Lakshmanan et al, 1992;Iraqi and Smith, 1995;Bitgood, 1999Elferink et al, 2008 (Spillman, 1908;Punnett, 1923;Nickerson, 1944;Bitgood, 1988;Campo, 1991;Kerje et al, 2003;Dorshorst and Ashwell, 2009;Hellstrom et al, 2010), 왜소유전자 (Hutt, 1959;Bernier and Arscott, 1960;Cole and Austic, 1980;Stewart et al, 1984;BurghelleMayeur et al, 1989;Tixier-Boichard et al, 1990;Merat et al, 1994;Vasilatos-Younken et al, 1997;Cole, 2000), 색소침 착억제유전자 (Bitgood, 1985(Bitgood, , 1988Levin et al, 1993;Zhang et al, 2000;Dorshorst and Ashwell, 2009), 만우성유전자 (Somes, 1969(Somes, , 1975Harris et al, 1984;Bacon et al, 1986Bacon et al, , 1988Smith and Nelsen, 1993;Bitgood, 1999;Fotsa et al, 2001;Hamoen et al, 2001;Khosravinia, 2009), 안구돌출유전 자 (Bitgood and Whitley, 1986;…”

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confidence: 99%

Genotype Frequencies of the Sex-Linked Feathering and Their Phenotypes in Domestic Chicken Breeds for the Establishment of Auto-Sexing Strains

Sohn¹,

Park²,

Song³

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science and Technology

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The method of sexing based on differences in the rate of feather growth provides a convenient and inexpensive approach. The locus of feather development gene (K) is located on the Z chromosome and can be utilized to produce phenotypes that distinguish between the sexes of chicks at hatching. To establish the auto-sexing native chicken strains, this study analyzed the genotype frequency of the feathering in domestic chicken breeds. The method of classification of slow-and rapid-feathering chickens was also investigated. In the slow-feathering chicks, the coverts were either the same length or longer than the primary wing feathers at hatching. However, the rapid-feathering chicks had the primary wing feathers that were longer than the coverts. The growth pattern of tail feather also distinctively differed between the rapid-and slow-feathering chicks after 5-days. The accuracy of wing feather sexing was about 98% compared with tail sexing. In domestic chicken breeds, Korean Black Cornish, Korean Rhode Island Red, and Korean Native Chicken-Red had both dominant (K) and recessive (k + ) feathering genes. The other breeds of chickens, Korean Brown Cornish, Ogol, White Leghorn, Korean Native Chicken-Yellow, -Gray, -White and -Black had only the recessive feathering gene (k + ). Consequently, feather sexing is available using the domestic chicken breeds. Establishing the maternal stock with dominant gene (K-) and paternal stock with recessive gene (k + k + ), the slow-feathering characteristic is passed from mothers to their sons, and the rapid-feathering characteristic is inherited by daughters from their fathers.

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Delayed Feathering, A Third Allele at the K Locus of the Domestic Fowl

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

MOLECULAR GENOTYPING OF CHICKEN (Gallus gallus L.) FEATHERING GENES IN CONNECTION WITH SEPARATION BY SEX

MOLECULAR GENOTYPING OF CHICKEN (Gallus gallus L.) FEATHERING GENES IN CONNECTION WITH SEPARATION BY SEX

Influence of Early- and Late-feathering Phenotype on Productive Performance in the Feather-sexing Strains of Korean Native Chicken

Genotype Frequencies of the Sex-Linked Feathering and Their Phenotypes in Domestic Chicken Breeds for the Establishment of Auto-Sexing Strains

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