Delayed Reinforcement: Neuroscience☆

Body, S.; Bradshaw, C. M.; Szabadi, E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.02713-9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 186 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, given the same experimental condition, k should be a constant, but the results we presented showed a variability of k with time. According to Body, Bradshaw and Szabadi [73] time delays have a non-linear scaling following a power law that takes into account the contraction of perceived time. Therefore, future research should aim to create a larger dataset and find an empirical formula aimed to describe k in a more precise way using generalized hyperbolic functions or other more sophisticated models instead of the standard hyperbolic discounting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm

Fabio

Bianco²,

Caprì

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Deficits in working memory tasks have been widely documented in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of working memory load in impulsivity during decision-making processes. A delayed discounting (DD) paradigm was used, comparing children with ADHD and age-matched controls. Method Thirty-two children equally divided between typically developing and ADHD, from 8 to 10 years of age were assigned to sessions of a dual-task paradigm. In the primary task the child has to choose between two different amounts of money at different time delays, while in the secondary task the child has to repeat a random series of digits with different lengths. The experiment was conducted in a school setting. Results Compared to peers with typical development, delayed discounting was significantly stronger in children with ADHD and discounting rates increased in both groups for heavier memory loads. Furthermore, the memory load impact on frequency of immediate rewards was stronger in children with ADHD compared to typically developing children. Discussion Results are discussed in terms of the relation between working memory load and decision-making processes, their impact on impulsive behaviour in ADHD and the need for future research to understand possible neurocognitive correlates and use that information to develop better inclusive policies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm

Fabio

Bianco²,

Caprì

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An assumption is therefore made about demotivation: a will decrease as a simple hyperbolic function of the rate of feeding. This hypothesis follows from the work of Bradshaw, Szabadi and associates (Body, Bradshaw, & Szabadi, ; Ho, Mobini, Chiang, Bradshaw, & Szabadi, ):

a_{i} = \frac{a_{0}}{1 + {sl}_{i}}

…”

Section: Application To Bmtmentioning

confidence: 97%

The basis of behavioral momentum in the nonlinearity of strength

Killeen

Nevin

2018

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The persistence of operant responding in the context of distractors and opposing forces is of central importance to the success of behavioral interventions. It has been successfully analyzed with Behavioral Momentum Theory. Key data from the research inspired by that theory are reanalyzed in terms of more molecular behavioral mechanisms: the demotivational effects of disruptors, and their differential impacts on the target response and other responses that interact with them. Behavioral momentum is regrounded as a nonlinear effect of motivation and reinforcement rate on response probability and persistence. When response probabilities are high, more energy is required to further increase or to decrease them than when they are low. Classic Behavioral Momentum Theory effects are reproduced with this account. Finally, it is shown how the new account involving motivation and competition is closely related to the metaphor of force and action that is at the core of Behavioral Momentum Theory.

show abstract

“…Because increased delay sensitivity is linked to various psychiatric disorders, there is an emphasis on understanding the neural mechanisms of impulsive choice. Reviewing the contribution of each neuroanatomical structure or neurotransmitter system is not the goal of the current literature review, as there are several reviews that have already been published on this topic (Body et al 2017; Cardinal 2006; Dalley et al 2008; Winstanley 2011). Instead, the review aims to discuss the different procedures and statistical analyses that are applied to discounting data, which can alter how we interpret drug effects on choice between small, immediate and large, delayed reinforcers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting drug effects in preclinical models of impulsive choice: emphasis on glutamatergic compounds

Yates

2018

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Future studies should utilize paradigms that allow one to observe alterations in responding at each delay (e.g., concurrent-chains schedules). Concerning statistical analyses, using parameter estimates derived from nonlinear functions or incorporating the generalized matching law can allow one to determine if drugs affect sensitivity to delayed reinforcement or impair discrimination of the large and small magnitude reinforcers. Using these approaches can help further our understanding of the neurochemical underpinnings of delay discounting.

show abstract

Delayed Reinforcement: Neuroscience☆

Cited by 3 publications

References 186 publications

Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm

Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm

The basis of behavioral momentum in the nonlinearity of strength

Dissecting drug effects in preclinical models of impulsive choice: emphasis on glutamatergic compounds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About