Demographic Transition Theory: A Neglected Aspect of the Nomadism-Sedentarism Continuum

Changes in Transhumant Agro-pastoralism in Bhutan: A Disappearing Livelihood?

“…Pastoral societies are experiencing increased exposure to Western culture and ideological shifts as a result of education and exposure to urban lifestyles (Meir 1986). In some African tribal and Middle Eastern pastoralist societies, younger generations with some education are said to be challenging traditional leaders and assuming new values.…”

“…Globally, the practice of transhumant pastoralism and transhumant agro-pastoralism (TAP) has been on the decline since the mid-nineteenth century owing to the introduction of better yielding crops, irrigation, use of chemicals, off farm employment, education of younger generations, rural to urban migration, and improved communication (Davies 1941;Lees and Bates 1974;Meir 1986;Montero et al 2009). Mobile pastoralists today are faced with a number of challenges and opportunities as a result of changing political scenarios, economic development, land tenure and availability, and climate change (Nori and Davies 2007).…”

“…In some African tribal and Middle Eastern pastoralist societies, younger generations with some education are said to be challenging traditional leaders and assuming new values. Younger generations increasingly choose a sedentary lifestyle in a monetized economy, preferring private land over communal ownership, and competing for government jobs (Lesorogol 2003;Meir 1986).…”

Küresel Bir Süreç Olarak Demografik Dönüşüm Mekânsal Bir Değerlendirme

“…Demografik Dönüşüm Kuramı'nın uzun yıllara dayalı olarak özellikle Batı Avrupa ülkelerinin doğum ve ölüm hızlarındaki değişimlerin incelenmesiyle geliştirildiği belirtilebilir (Meir, 1986;Bongaarts ve Watkins, 1996;Weeks, ve 2002Tandoğan, 1998;Weinstein ve Pillai, 2001;Rowland, 2006;Yaukey vd., 2007;Yüksel, 2007;HÜNEE, 2010). Kurama göre demografik dönüşüm dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır 3 : başlangıç ve bitiş aşamaları ile iki geçiş aşaması (Şekil 1).…”

Malnutrition and Mortality During Recent Famines in Ethiopia: Implications for Food Aid and Rehabilitation

“…Some investigators have argued that pastoral nomads are more vulnerable to famine and disease than sedentary farmers due to their full dependence on the natural environment for food production (Meir, 1986;Holt et al, 1975), while others consider them to enjoy a higher health status than farmers, at least during less stressful periods. It is more commonly agreed, however, that there are wide variations in wealth among lineages and households in pastoral societies (Roboff , 1977;O'Leary, 1990).…”