Demonstration of a highly efficient solid oxide fuel cell power system using adiabatic steam reforming and anode gas recirculation

Powell, Michael R.; Meinhardt, Kerry D.; Sprenkle, Vincent; Chick, L.A.; McVay, G. L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.098

Cited by 126 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These extraneous points are due to the experimental setup, specifically interference from the resistively powered furnaces surrounding the cell. Both LSV and EIS show regular, minor performance degradation as evidenced by lower current densities and higher polarization resistances, respectively, when exposed to carbon without CH 3 Cl present. 21 We chose to model the EIS spectra using the 4-element RC circuit shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given its low concentration, we assume that carbon accumulation from the CH 3 Cl is negligible. Before CH 3 Cl is added to the fuel stream, Ni anodes exposed to CH 4 show rapid carbon accumulation (red circles). With the introduction of CH 3 Cl to the fuel stream, accumulated carbon becomes much less stable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell was then reduced again under 100 sccm H 2 . After the benchmarks and setup were completed, 110 ppm CH 3 Cl was introduced into the fuel stream for the remainder of the experiment. Following all experimental steps, the cell was cooled under argon on both anode and cathode for ex-situ analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] These efficiencies far outpace even the most modern fossil fuel fired power plants. 4 In addition, the high operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) allow operation with many different fuels including biogas, syngas, natural gas, gasoline and even some alcohols.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In Operando Vibrational Raman Studies of Chlorine Contamination in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Reeping

Walker

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Vibrational Raman spectroscopy coupled with voltammetry and impedance measurements was used to explore the effects of chlorine on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance and durability. SOFC anodes were exposed to 110 ppm dry CH 3 Cl at 650 • C for up to four hours while intermittently exposing the cell to methane for ten minute intervals. In these experiments Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor carbon accumulation kinetics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements performed under CH 4 following 1 hour of exposure to CH 3 Cl showed marked degradation. This degradation was less apparent when the SOFC was operated with H 2 in the presence of CH 3 Cl. With methane and CH 3 Cl, peak power diminished at a rate of 14% per hour. Observable carbon accumulation during CH 3 Cl exposure became less pronounced over time. Eventually, carbon formation was suppressed completely suggesting that the primary effect of the Cl contaminant was deactivation of the Ni catalyst with respect to CH bond dissociation. SOFC performance with H 2 in the presence of CH 3 Cl remained largely unchanged. Interestingly, these effects of Cl on SOFC performance with methane proved partially reversible as electrochemical performance and carbon accumulation behavior were recovered upon removal of the CH 3 Cl from the fuel feed. Solid oxide fuel cells are electricity-generating devices capable of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiencies of more than 80% when combined with heating applications.1-3 These efficiencies far outpace even the most modern fossil fuel fired power plants. 4 In addition, the high operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) allow operation with many different fuels including biogas, syngas, natural gas, gasoline and even some alcohols.5-8 However, this versatility comes at the cost of having to develop SOFC materials capable of withstanding impurities intrinsic to each fuel type. These impurities include, but are not limited to, carbon deposits, sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and mercury. Each can cause premature degradation of SOFC materials.6,9-15 Many, if not all, of these impurities have been studied extensively using electrochemical methods. Techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetry consistently show how exposure to these individual contaminants lead to performance degradation with differing levels of severity and reversibility. However, while the electrochemical results quantify overall cell degradation, direct, in-situ evidence of the mechanisms responsible for diminished performance remain speculative. Coupling electrochemical methods with in-situ optical spectroscopy, such as Raman spectroscopy or XPS, advances understanding of the reactions that occur on the SOFC electrode surfaces as well as how those reactions affect performance. Raman spectroscopy has already shown to be a promising technique for high temperature in-situ characterization of molecules on the surface of an SOFC operating on hydrocarbon ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Operando Vibrational Raman Studies of Chlorine Contamination in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Reeping

Walker

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…High electrical efficiency, clean emissions, and the potential to operate on a great variety of fuels are some of the advantages that make solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology a promising candidate for future energy applications [1,2]. However, poor stability of performance in combination with high costs has limited the commercialization of this technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Metallic Co-Coating Thickness on Ferritic Stainless Steels Intended for Use as Interconnect Material in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

et al. 2017

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The effect of metallic Co-coating thickness on ferritic stainless steels is investigated. This material is suggested to be used as interconnect material in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Uncoated, 200-, 600-, 1000-, and 1500-nm Co-coated Sanergy HT is isothermally exposed for up to 500 h in air at 650°C. Mass gain is recorded to follow oxidation kinetics, and area-specific resistance (ASR) measurements are conducted on samples exposed for 168 and 500 h. The microstructure of the thermally grown oxide scales is characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis on broad ion beam-milled cross sections. A clear increase in ASR as a function of Cocoating thickness is observed. However, the increase in ASR, as an effect of a thicker Co-coating, is correlated with thicker (Cr,Fe) 2 O 3 scales formed on these materials and not to an increase in Co spinel top layer thickness.

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Nickel Nitrate and Molybdenum Oxide as a Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Synergistic Sintering Aid

Hunt

Driscoll

Weisenstein

et al. 2016

Processing, Properties, and Design of Advanced Ceramics and Composites: Ceramic Transactions

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Demonstration of a highly efficient solid oxide fuel cell power system using adiabatic steam reforming and anode gas recirculation

Cited by 126 publications

References 21 publications

In Operando Vibrational Raman Studies of Chlorine Contamination in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

In Operando Vibrational Raman Studies of Chlorine Contamination in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The Effect of Metallic Co-Coating Thickness on Ferritic Stainless Steels Intended for Use as Interconnect Material in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Nickel Nitrate and Molybdenum Oxide as a Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Synergistic Sintering Aid

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