Demonstration of a Three-dimensional Negative Index Medium Operated at Multiple-angle Incidences by Monolithic Metallic Hemispherical Shells

Abstract

We design and construct a three-dimensional (3D) negative index medium (NIM) composed of gold hemispherical shells to supplant an integration of a split-ring resonator and a discrete plasmonic wire for both negative permeability and permittivity at THz gap. With the proposed highly symmetric gold hemispherical shells, the negative index is preserved at multiple incident angles ranging from 0° to 85° for both TE and TM waves, which is further evidenced by negative phase flows in animated field distributions and outweighs conventional fishnet structures with operating frequency shifts when varying incident angles. Finally, the fabrication of the gold hemispherical shells is facilitated via standard UV lithographic and isotropic wet etching processes and characterized by μ-FTIR. The measurement results agree the simulated ones very well.

High sensitivity rate-integrating hemispherical resonator gyroscope with dead area compensation for damping asymmetry

“…It is widely utilized in aerospace applications, defense technology and advanced industry 2,3 . It has a merit of low bias instability (BI) of below 0.001 • /h that enables the inertial unit measuring the attitude of the carrier accurately with a navigation level performance 4,5 . Though the HRG shows its admirable BI performance, the advanced applications are expecting it can break through its bottle neck of limited dynamic range.…”