Dendrimers: Exploring Their Wide Structural Variety and Applications

Pérez-Ferreiro, María; M. Abelairas, Adrián; Criado, Alejandro; Gómez, I. Jénnifer; Mosquera, Jesús

doi:10.3390/polym15224369

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…These interesting nanoparticles are three-dimensional sphere-shaped and monodispersed polymers with symmetrical branches [ 25 ]. They consist of three components: the central core, branches, and terminal groups ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Dendrimer Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Applications of Dendrimers: A Step toward the Future of Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutics

Sztandera,

Rodríguez-García,

Ceña

2024

Pharmaceutics

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Over the last few years, the development of nanotechnology has allowed for the synthesis of many different nanostructures with controlled sizes, shapes, and chemical properties, with dendrimers being the best-characterized of them. In this review, we present a succinct view of the structure and the synthetic procedures used for dendrimer synthesis, as well as the cellular uptake mechanisms used by these nanoparticles to gain access to the cell. In addition, the manuscript reviews the reported in vivo applications of dendrimers as drug carriers for drugs used in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and ocular diseases. The dendrimer-based formulations that have reached different phases of clinical trials, including safety and pharmacokinetic studies, or as delivery agents for therapeutic compounds are also presented. The continuous development of nanotechnology which makes it possible to produce increasingly sophisticated and complex dendrimers indicates that this fascinating family of nanoparticles has a wide potential in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for applications in drug delivery systems, and that the number of dendrimer-based compounds entering clinical trials will markedly increase during the coming years.

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Section: Dendrimer Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Applications of Dendrimers: A Step toward the Future of Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutics

Sztandera,

Rodríguez-García,

Ceña

2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…This dendritic topology enables dendrimers to possess a high degree of molecular uniformity, with each generation exhibiting a defined number of branches emanating from the core. Furthermore, the stepwise synthetic approach employed in dendrimer synthesis facilitates precise control over the size and functionalization of dendrimers, offering unparalleled versatility in tailoring their properties for specific applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Ballet: Investigating the Complex Interaction between Self-Assembling Dendrimers and Human Serum Albumin via Computational and Experimental Methods

Cavalieri,

Marson,

Giurgevich

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Dendrimers, intricate macromolecules with highly branched nanostructures, offer unique attributes including precise control over size, shape, and functionality, making them promising candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications. The exploration of their interaction with biological environments, particularly human serum albumin (HSA), holds significant importance for biomedical utilization. In this study, the interaction between HSA and a recently developed self-assembling amphiphilic dendrimer (AD) was investigated using various experimental techniques. Fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed moderate interactions between the protein and the AD nanomicelles (NMs), primarily attributed to favorable enthalpic contributions arising from electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Structural analysis indicated minimal changes in HSA upon complexation with the AD NMs, which was further supported by computational simulations demonstrating stable interactions at the atomistic level. These findings provide valuable insights into the binding mechanisms and thermodynamic parameters governing HSA/AD NM interactions, thereby contributing to the understanding of their potential biomedical applications.

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“…In this regard, dendrimer macromolecules are of particular interest. They are capable of acting as complexing agents and encapsulating "guest" molecules into their structure [1,2]; they can serve as molecular antennas for the absorption of light energy [3][4][5] and act as nanoporous materials; they are oriented in a magnetic field [6]; they have mesogenic and emissive properties [7][8][9]; and they have the ability to self-organize into supramolecular assemblies [10,11]. The main feature inherent Magnetochemistry 2024, 10, 38 2 of 20 in dendrimers of various chemical natures is the presence of a certain shape, size, and controlled functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure5 1. H NMR spectra of the initial Di(CrB)aldehyde and Di(CrB)amine[13] and the resulting G2-[L 2 Fe]NO 3 complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Branched Iron(III) Complexes in Fluorescent Environment Created by Carbazole Moieties: Synthesis and Structure, Static Magnetic and Resonance Properties

Starichenko,

Vorobeva,

Gruzdev

et al. 2024

Magnetochemistry

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The branched complexes of Schiff bases with various iron(III) salts, named G2-[L2Fe]+A− (A− is NO3−, Cl−, PF6−), were synthesized using the condensation reaction between carbazole derivatives of salicylic aldehyde and N’-ethylethylenediamine and characterized by various spectroscopic methods (GPC, IR, 1H NMR, UV/Vis). The studies revealed that the coordination of the two ligand molecules to metal occurs through the nitrogen ions and oxygen atom of azomethine to form a homoleptic system. All the synthesized coordination compounds were examined for their thermal, optical, and magnetic features. Static magnetic measurements showed that only G2-[L2Fe]Cl was in a single-phase HS state, whereas the Fe(III) ions of G2-[L2Fe]NO3 and G2-[L2Fe]PF6 at room temperatures were in mixed low-spin (LS, S = 1/2) and high-spin (HS, S = 5/2) states: 58.9% LS/41.1% HS for G2-[L2Fe]NO3, 56.1% LS and 43.9% HS for G2-[L2Fe]PF6. All G2-[L2Fe]+A− complexes demonstrate antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between neighboring Fe(III) ions. The ground spin state at 2.0 K revealed a Brillouin contribution from non-interacting LS ions and a proportion of the HS Fe(III) ions not participating in AFM interactions: 57%, 18%, and 16% for G2-[L2Fe]Cl, G2-[L2Fe]NO3 and G2-[L2Fe]PF6, respectively. EPR measurements confirmed the presence of magnetically active HS and LS states of Fe(III) ions and made it possible to distinguish two HS types-with strong low-symmetry (I-type) and weak, distorted octahedral environments (II-type). It was shown that G2-[L2Fe]+A− complexes are magnetically inhomogeneous and consist of two magnetic sub-lattices: AFM-correlated chains in layers from the I-type HS Fe(III) centers and dynamic short-range AFM ordered LS/II-type HS Fe(III) centers in the paramagnetic phase located between the layers.

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Dendrimers: Exploring Their Wide Structural Variety and Applications

Cited by 35 publications

References 107 publications

In Vivo Applications of Dendrimers: A Step toward the Future of Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutics

In Vivo Applications of Dendrimers: A Step toward the Future of Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutics

Molecular Ballet: Investigating the Complex Interaction between Self-Assembling Dendrimers and Human Serum Albumin via Computational and Experimental Methods

New Branched Iron(III) Complexes in Fluorescent Environment Created by Carbazole Moieties: Synthesis and Structure, Static Magnetic and Resonance Properties

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