Dendritic Spine Pathology in Infants With Severe Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Benı́tez-Bribiesca, Luis; Rosa-Alvarez, Irma De la; Mansilla-Olivares, Armando

doi:10.1542/peds.104.2.e21

Cited by 82 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This four-phase process is meant to yield several outcomes, including establishing comprehensive ocean management indicator frameworks, organizing and synthesizing information, establishing sustainable management targets, identifying knowledge gaps, understanding the inherent tradeoffs in decision-making, and prioritizing resource allocation. By using a collaborative and participatory approach, OHI þ assessments aim to empower local stakeholders to develop studies tailored to local conditions and development objectives that respond to existing management needs [44,49]. Due to the varying methodological differences, OHI þ scores from different areas are not quantitatively comparable, although qualitative comparison is possible.…”

Section: Independent Regional Ohi Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and regional experiences with assessing and fostering ocean health

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tDuring the international symposium on "Regional Applications and Nexus of the Ocean Health Index" at The University of Tokyo in Japan in July 2015, a range of experts, practitioners and researchers discussed the potential for assessing the current state of ocean health at different scales, as well as changes over time. Discussions focused on how the successful assessment and implementation of projects aimed at fostering ocean health and resilient coastal ecosystems strongly depends on a multi-stakeholder approach and local leadership. In addition, recent examples of regional independent assessments conducted using the Ocean Health Index were introduced, with an accompanying explanation of how the Index goals can be adjusted, specified or weighted in line with a local context or policy direction. This manuscript introduces key points raised during the symposium as well as relevant supplementary materials.

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Section: Independent Regional Ohi Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and regional experiences with assessing and fostering ocean health

et al. 2016

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“…Malnutrition also affects structures involved in learning and memory processes, including the hippocampus and hypothalamus [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Bold Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of malnourished animal models, using postmortem histological and imaging analyses, have revealed a range of morphological changes, including a decrease in the prenatal brain size [2], a decrease in the postnatal brain size [3], fewer hippocampal neurons [4], diminished granular volume of cortex [5], abnormalities in the dendritic spines of the cerebellar cortex [6], reduced myelin content [7], and reduced synthesis of myelin-associated proteins [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Magnetic Resonance Study of Non-conventional Morphological Brains: malnourished rats

Martin

Vázquez

Solis-Najera

et al. 2015

Measurement Science Review

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Malnutrition during brain development can cause serious problems that can be irreversible. Dysfunctional patterns of brain activity can be detected with functional MRI. We used BOLD functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to investigate region differences of brain activity between control and malnourished rats. The food-competition method was applied to a rat model to induce malnutrition during lactation. A 7T magnet was used to detect changes of the BOLD signal associated with changes in brain activity caused by the trigeminal nerve stimulation in malnourished and control rats. Major neuronal activation was observed in malnourished rats in several brain regions, including cerebellum, somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Statistical analysis of the BOLD signals from various brain areas revealed significant differences in somatosensory cortex between the control and experimental groups, as well as a significant difference between the cerebellum and other structures in the experimental group. This study, particularly in malnourished rats, demonstrates increased BOLD activation in the cerebellum.

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“…Estudos experimentais com animais de laboratório mostraram que a desnutrição no início da vida pós-natal reduz a taxa de crescimento do sistema nervoso central e o número de neurônios e produz um córtex cerebral mais fino, mielinização deficiente, arborização dendrítica pobre e vá-rias alterações nas espinhas dendríticas 64 . Lactentes que sofreram desnutrição grave apresentam distúrbios de neurointegração e graus variáveis de RM documentados anos após a recuperação 65 .…”

Section: Desnutrição Protéico-calóricaunclassified

“…Contudo, durante os primeiros 24 meses de vida pós-natal, a desnutrição exerce sua lesão neurológica mais grave 67 . Um estudo recente analisou a densidade e morfo-logia das espinhas dendríticas em neurônios corticais de 13 lactentes que morreram de desnutrição grave, em comparação com sete lactentes eutróficos que morreram por outras causas 64 . Os autores encontraram alterações marcantes nas espinhas dos dendritos apicais, semelhantes às descritas no RM por outras causas, e concluíram que, embora não fosse possível demonstrar que essas alterações são a causa de e não uma relação coincidente com RM, elas podem representar a base da disfunção sináptica associada à desnutrição grave em baixa idade.…”

Section: Desnutrição Protéico-calóricaunclassified

Mental retardation

Vasconcelos¹

2004

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: This paper describes recent advances in the neurobiology of mental retardation, emphasizing new diagnostic resources provided by cytogenetics, molecular testing, and neuroimaging.Sources of data: MEDLINE (January 2000 through October 2003), using the following key words: mental retardation, developmental disability, child, and adolescent. Search of the Pediatrics and New England Journal of Medicine websites using the key word mental retardation. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database was searched for information on clinical genetics. Summary of the findings:In October 2003, the number of genetic syndromes associated with mental retardation reached 1,149. Considering the genetic or environmental and congenital or acquired causes of mental retardation, current diagnostic investigation is able to detect the etiology in 50 to 70% of cases.Conclusions: Diagnostic evaluation should follow a stepwise approach in order to make rational use of the expensive tools of cytogenetics, molecular biology, and neuroimaging. ResumoObjetivo: Esta revisão aborda as recentes descobertas da neurobiologia do retardo mental, enfatizando os novos recursos da citogené-tica, das técnicas moleculares e da neurorradiologia para esclarecer o diagnóstico. IntroduçãoO retardo mental (RM) é um dos transtornos neuropsiquiátricos mais comuns em crianças e adolescentes. A taxa de prevalência tradicionalmente citada é de 1% da população jovem 1,2 , porém alguns autores mencionam taxas de 2 a 3% 3,4 , e há estimativas de até 10% 5 . Há um consenso geral de que o RM é mais comum no sexo masculino, um achado atribuído às numerosas mutações dos genes encontrados no cromossomo X 6 . A razão entre os sexos masculino e feminino é de 1,3 a 1,9 para 1 3 . As crianças acometidas muitas vezes apresentam-se ao pediatra geral com queixa de atraso na fala/linguagem, alteração do comportamento, ou baixo rendimento escolar.O diagnóstico de RM é definido com base em três critérios 7 : início do quadro clínico antes de 18 anos de idade; função intelectual significativamente abaixo da mé-dia, demonstrada por um quociente de inteligência (QI) igual ou menor que 70; e deficiência nas habilidades adaptativas em pelo menos duas das seguintes áreas: comunicação, autocuidados, habilidades sociais/interpessoais, auto-orientação, rendimento escolar, trabalho, lazer, saúde e segurança. O QI normal é considerado acima de 85, ARTIGO DE REVISÃO S72

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Dendritic Spine Pathology in Infants With Severe Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Abstract: Short apical dendrites, fewer spines, and dendritic spine abnormalities occur in severe infant malnutrition. These anatomic anomalies might be related to the neuropsychological deficits that occur in these children.

Cited by 82 publications

References 44 publications

Local and regional experiences with assessing and fostering ocean health

Local and regional experiences with assessing and fostering ocean health

Functional Magnetic Resonance Study of Non-conventional Morphological Brains: malnourished rats

Mental retardation

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