Dengue Encephalitis in a Newborn

Dengue viruses (DENVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae. There are four distinct antigenically related serotypes, DENVs types 1, 2, 3, and 4. These are all mosquito-borne human pathogens. Congenital dengue disease occurs when there is mother-to-fetus transmission of the virus and should be suspected in endemic regions in neonates presenting with fever, maculopapular rash, and thrombocytopenia. Although most of the infected infants remain asymptomatic, some can develop clinical manifestations such as sepsis-like illness, gastric bleeding, circulatory failure, and death. Neurological manifestations include intracerebral hemorrhages, neurological malformations, and acute focal/disseminated encephalitis/encephalomyelitis. Dengue NS1Ag, a highly conserved glycoprotein, can help the detection of cases in the viremic stage. We do not have proven specific therapies yet; management is largely supportive and is focused on close monitoring and maintaining adequate intravascular volume.

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“…Management includes supportive measures and phenobarbitone. 156 There was gradual recovery without any sequelae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Neurological Manifestations of Perinatal Dengue

Maheshwari¹,

Singh²,

Amrit³

et al. 2023

Newborn

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“…Laboratory investigations revealed positive serology for NS1 antigen and IgM antibody, along with the presence of IgM antibody in CSF. The infant showed clinical improvement, was discharged on day 15 and exhibited normal growth and developmental milestones at 18 months 33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A delay in the laboratory confirmation of dengue in both the mother and infant could be an important factor contributing to the morbidity and mortality of the infant 11. There are no long-term sequelae observed in those who experienced vertical dengue transmission during the 12- and 18-month follow-up 21 33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical dengue transmission complicated with neonatal encephalitis

Usama,

Assawawiroonhakarn,

Soonsawad

2023

BMJ Case Rep

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Vertical transmission of the dengue virus is rare and infrequently reported in the literature. We report the case of a term newborn presented with high-grade fever, generalised petechial rash and hepatomegaly at the age of 5 days, with a history of dengue fever in the mother at 3 days before delivery. The diagnosis was nearly missed because the infant’s dengue NS1 antigen test was initially negative and subsequently positive. After the convalescent phase, the infant developed a new-onset fever with lethargy and drowsiness. Dengue encephalitis was diagnosed with support from a positive dengue reverse-transcriptase PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid. This report has shown the importance of clinical awareness. Early recognition of congenital dengue and vigilant monitoring will contribute to appropriate early management and decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality.

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Dengue Encephalitis in a Newborn

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Neurological Manifestations of Perinatal Dengue

Neurological Manifestations of Perinatal Dengue

Vertical dengue transmission complicated with neonatal encephalitis

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