Dengue Virus Serotypes Circulating in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2013-2015

Abstract

From 2013 to 2015, the National Institute of Health, Pakistan, received 1,270 blood samples of suspected dengue cases reported from inpatient and outpatient departments of various hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. In this study, we determined the circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes using real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR to understand the serotype-based epidemiology of DENV. All four serotypes (DENV-1 [6%], DENV-2 [33%], DENV-3 [47%], and DENV-4 [0.1%]) were found circulating during the study period. Our findings suggest the need for an active surveillance system coupled with the laboratory diagnosis, especially in the chronic endemic areas of the country. Public awareness programs are needed for effective control and prevention of outbreaks in the future.

Epidemiological study of dengue fever in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…The infection rate in males was double as compared to female, with a male to female ratio of 2:1, an observation that corresponds with previous results from studies of the Khyber Paktunkhwa province (Suleman et al, 2016). This epidemic disease transferred from Swat to nearby areas including the Malakand, Kohat, Mansehra districts, lower and upper Dir, Peshawar (Suleman et al, 2017) and then other districts like Mardan, Nowshera and Swabi. In Peshawar 11,685 infected people's cases were registered till to 7 November 2017 (Gubler, 1998) and 7 deaths were recorded till to 22 August according to the Dawn News.…”

Prevalence and identification of arthropod-transmitted viruses in Kassala state, Eastern Sudan

“…Although not all these viruses were responsible for VHF, we screening these viruses due to many studies were conducted in eastern Sudan revealed the presence of highly seropositive of dengue and HEV [33,[43][44][45]. Thirteen patients were positive for dengue IgM in ELISA, although the PCR results for all DFV types were negative, which may be explained by the presence of several genetically and antigenically different serotypes of the DFV worldwide [6,7,43,[46][47][48]. Mosquito-infested areas show high rates of malarial parasite infection.…”

“…Globally, vector-borne diseases are responsible for more than 20% of the infectious diseases affecting all humanity worldwide, most commonly in the developing countries in Africa and Asia; many African communities suffer from vector-borne disease burden and its socioeconomic consequences [2][3][4][5]. Mosquito-borne viruses affecting humans, these viruses include: chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue fever (DFV), yellow fever (YFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Sindbis virus (SINV), and alkhurma viruses [2,[6][7][8][9].…”

Comparison of Six Commercial Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Dengue Virus Non-Structural-1 Antigen and IgM/IgG Antibodies

“…Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a mosquito-borne disease that constitutes one of the major public health problems in subtropical and tropical areas [12]. As many patients either have no symptoms or present with nonspecific fever requiring differential diagnosis, laboratory confirmation using a rapid, accurate, and relatively low-cost diagnostic test is especially important [3].…”