Densities, Viscosities, and Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Several Polyethylene Glycols

Abstract

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is increasingly used as an alternative green chemical solvent. New experimental measurements on density, viscosity, and self-diffusion coefficient are presented for PEG200, PEG400, and several binary mixtures of tri-and hexaethylene glycol covering a temperature range from 298.15 to 358.15 K. Because PEGs are polydisperse, the exact compositions of PEG200 from six different vendors are analytically determined and found to be comparable. Thus, only two of the most differing PEG200 samples are further examined. The effects of water as the most common impurity on densities, viscosities, and self-diffusion coefficients are inspected as well as the results of the "dry" samples obtained by extrapolation to zero water content. The obtained results are carefully compared to the available literature data. The temperature dependence of these physical properties is investigated and found to be linear for density, while viscosity and selfdiffusion coefficients follow the Arrhenius law. Attempts to calculate the properties of the binary mixtures and PEG200 samples from the mole fraction weighted average of the physical properties of the mixture components result in reasonable agreement. Agreement between calculated and measured molar volumes is within measurement uncertainty. Agreement of calculated and measured viscosities is mostly within a few percent but increases with decreasing temperature (largest viscosities) reaching values of up to 15%. Similarly, calculated and measured self-diffusion coefficients mostly agree within 20%, which is near the measurement uncertainty, but overestimates increase to 30% for the highest temperatures (largest self-diffusion coefficients).

On the Behavior of the Ethylene Glycol Components of Polydisperse Polyethylene Glycol PEG200

“…This observation is in qualitative agreement with an experimental study. 25 Building on the findings of this report, more force field development is needed to improve the agreement of simulated properties with experimentally obtained values and further solidify the intricate details of the intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonding behavior of PEGs. For example, the use of polarizable force fields 72,73 might lead to more accurate dynamic properties.…”

“…These simulated properties are reproducible within uncertainty regardless of simulating with 500 or 1000 molecules or starting from random or clustered starting configuration of molecules. As also observed experimentally, 25 the simulated binary mixture shows quite similar values for these bulk physical properties as for the simulated PEG200. As for the thermodynamic properties of thermal expansion coefficient and molar heat capacity, these do not seem to be affected significantly by the modifications to the OPLS force field.…”

Formation of Ordered Patterns in Electroresponsive Polymer Ionic Liquid Blends

“…For our simulations, we have chosen the self-diffusion coefficient of polymer and IL as D P = 5 × 10 −12 m 2 s −1 and D = 1 × 10 −10 m 2 s −1 , respectively based on the widely accepted values in the literature. [64][65][66][67] Using the overall volume fraction, ϕ 0 , of the blend the values of M AP and M BP are calculated as 2 × 10 −2 . The length scale of our system (L) is chosen as 1 μm and timescale is calculated using the value of D as L 2 /D = 10 −2 s.…”

Preparation and properties of a clean, low‐damage waterproof locking damage multifunctional integrated water‐based fracturing fluid

“…Hence, surfactants used in multicomponent systems can act as rheology modifiers, associative thickeners, waterproof lock agents, and wax inhibitors. As a green chemical solvent, thickener, and suspension stabilizer with different molecular weights, the viscosity and diffusion coefficients of PEG vary depending on its molecular weight 33 . Wang et al 34 successfully designed and synthesized four polyurethane dispersants (PUDs) by adjusting the dosage of DMPA and terminating with PEG (with molecular weights of 600, 800, and 1000) using a prepolymer dispersion method.…”

“…As a green chemical solvent, thickener, and suspension stabilizer with different molecular weights, the viscosity and diffusion coefficients of PEG vary depending on its molecular weight. 33 Wang et al 34 successfully designed and synthesized four polyurethane dispersants (PUDs) by adjusting the dosage of DMPA and terminating with PEG (with molecular weights of 600, 800, and 1000) using a prepolymer dispersion method. PVB can significantly improve the liquid viscosity of aqueous hydroxyl solutions.…”