Density, fat, water and solids in freshly isolated tissues

Allen, Thomas H.; Krzywicki, Harry J.; Roberts, James E.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1959.14.6.1005

Cited by 149 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Brie¯y, the masses and volumes for TBW and BMM were subtracted from those determined for the whole body using hydrodensitometry (BD massavolume). This enabled the remainder to be partitioned into fat and residual (protein, nonbone mineral and glycogen) masses whose respective densities were assumed to be 0.9007 (Fidanza et al, 1953) and 1.404 gacm 3 (Allen et al, 1959; 37 C only samples). The %BF was also estimated using the two-compartment hydrodensitometric body composition model (Broz Ïek et al, 1963;%BF 497.1aBD 7 451.9).…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the resting metabolic rate of young Australian males

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The aims of this study were: (a) to generate regression equations for predicting the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 18 to 30-y-old Australian males from age, height, mass and fat-free mass (FFM); and (b) crossvalidate RMR prediction equations, which are frequently used in Australia, against our measured and predicted values.Design: A power analysis demonstrated that 38 subjects would enable us to detect (a 0.05, power 0.80) statistically and physiologically signi®cant differences of 8% between our predictedameasured RMRs and those predicted from the equations of other investigators. Subjects: Thirty-eight males (X AE s.d.: 24.3 AE 3.3 y; 85.04 AE 13.82 kg; 180.6 AE 8.3 cm) were recruited from advertisements placed in a university newsletter and on community centre noticeboards. Interventions: The following measurements were conducted: skinfold thicknesses, RMR using open circuit indirect calorimetry and FFM via a four-compartment (fat mass, total body water, bone mineral mass and residual) body composition model. Results: A multiple regression equation using the easily measured predictors of mass, height and age correlated 0.841 with RMR and the SEE was 521 kJaday. Inclusion of FFM as a predictor increased both the R and the precision of prediction, but there was virtually no difference between FFM via the four-compartment model (R 0.893, SEE 433 kJaday) and that predicted from skinfold thicknesses (R 0.886, SEE 440 kJaday). The regression equations of Harris & Benedict (1919) and Scho®eld (1985) all overestimated the mean RMR of our subjects by 518 ± 600 kJaday (P`0.001) and these errors were relatively constant across the range of measured RMR. The equations of Hayter & Henry (1994) and Piers et al (1997) only produced physiologically signi®cant errors at the lower end of our range of measurement. Conclusions: Equations need to be generated from a large database for the prediction of the RMR of 18 to 30-yold Australian males and FFM estimated from the regression of the sum of skinfold thicknesses on FFM via the four compartment body composition model needs to be further explored as an expedient RMR predictor.

show abstract

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the resting metabolic rate of young Australian males

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mean of these two flow values was used subsequently as an approximation of the total tibial diaphyseal blood flow. Plasma flows were determined on the basis of the large-vessel hematocrit for each dog: (1) where F s is plasma flow and F I-Ap in diaphyseal blood flow.…”

Section: Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific gravity of cortical bone is 1.94 grams and the specific gravity of marrow is taken as 0.94 gram per milliliter 1 .…”

Section: Determination Of the Ratio Of The Partition Coefficient (λ) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of minerals after experimental fractures of the tibia in dogs.

Hughes

Lemon

Davies

et al. 1979

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a study of a standardized fracture of the tibia in dogs, we examined the relationship between extraction of strontium-85, as measured by a multiple indicator-dilution technique, and blood flow, as determined by an iodoantipyrine-washout technique. Although the blood flow at the fracture site increased from a control value of 1.5 milliliters per 100 grams of bone per minute to a value of 6.65 milliliters per 100 grams of bone per minute at two weeks, the maximum instantaneous extraction of 85 Sr by the fractured tibiae did not change from a value of about 0.77 of the amount injected. These results suggest that the increase in blood flow is accomplished by recruitment of capillaries, that the permeabilities of the capillary beds in the fractured tibia and in the normal tibia are similar, and that the pattern of flow in the fractured tibia remains non-uniform. The increased capillary surface area available for exchange is suggested as the reason that strontium extraction was unchanged despite the increased flow.Clinical Relevance-This study has shown that calcium is only moderately rapidly exchangeable across the capillary membrane and made available for uptake by osteoblasts and deposition in callus at the fracture site. Because calcium delivery via capillary is essential, and because capillary surface area is ordinarily increased in the region of a healing fracture, we can now see clearly that clinical treatment, in particular manipulative intervention, should be carried out in a fashion that minimizes damage to the capillary bed. The exchange processes described in this study are the same as those involved in the deposition of agents used for bone-scanning, and thus this information provides a basis for the timing of scanning studies and for their interpretation.The use of tracer kinetics provides an important technique for the study of the metabolic activity of tissues. Tracers that concentrate in bone, such as the isotopes 85 Sr and 47 Ca, have been helpful in examining exchange between circulating blood and bone. The quantity of tracer that enters bone must be related to the blood flow -that is, to the amount of tracer delivered to the bone -and to the diffusion of tracer through the capillary wall of the capillary tube. If bone is like other tissues, the flux of ions and solutes across the capillary wall is related to the flow of the fluid carrying the ions and solutes, to the extraction of ions in the tissue, to the permeability of the capillary wall, and to the surface area of the capillaries.The quantity of tracer that enters bone can be expressed most simply as deposition for a given period of time. For example, if the period is ten minutes, deposition can be expressed by the formula: Dividing deposition by the time of the experiment, ten minutes, gives clearance, which has the units milliliters per gram of bone per minute, the same units as those for blood flow in bone. However, clearance may also be viewed as the minimum volume of blood entering an organ per unit of time which is capable ...

show abstract

“…Early in the 20th century many studies of organ and tissue weights were carried out allowing us to establish with reasonable certainty the various weights and distributions of the tissues and organs making up the primary aspects of body mass (Allen et al, 1959;Keys et al, 1953;Brozek et al, 1963). The complexity of cadaver analysis and the diseases that were almost invariably present in cadavers led investigators away from this analysis of tissues and organs to the easier and clear molecular and cellular level models that were of biological interest.…”

Section: Cellular Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-component body composition models: recent advances and future directions

Pietrobelli

Heymsfield

et al. 2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This overview examines concepts related to a category of body composition methods generally referred to as multi-component models, that is, those models that include three or more components. We summarize the rationale for, applications, and types of multi-component models along with sources of error. Our review presents the strengths and limitations of available models and identi®es important future research directions.

show abstract

Density, fat, water and solids in freshly isolated tissues

Cited by 149 publications

References 0 publications

Predicting the resting metabolic rate of young Australian males

Predicting the resting metabolic rate of young Australian males

Extraction of minerals after experimental fractures of the tibia in dogs.

Multi-component body composition models: recent advances and future directions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About