“…Unlike standard antigens, the compositions of body fluids (e.g., serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine) are complex including various proteins, fats, sugars, inorganic salts, vitamins, etc., and their concentrations are much higher compared to many trace targets. 20 These factors affect the sensitivity and accuracy of a new method for detecting lowabundance disease-related targets. To dispel this doubt and evaluate the clinical application value of the new method, we compared it with the standard method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and conducted spiked recovery experiments in the serum of healthy adults and asthma patients.…”