Dental remains from Dmanisi (Republic of Georgia): Morphological analysis and comparative study

Martinón‐Torres, María; Castro, José Marı́a Bermúdez de; Gómez‐Robles, Aida; Margvelashvili, Ann; Prado, Leyre; Lordkipanidze, David; Vekua, Abessalom

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.008

Cited by 120 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, the remaining three cannot be rejected. Of these, the one with the highest marginal likelihood is based on Martinó n-Torres et al's [29] 'two species' hypothesis.…”

Section: Ergaster)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first focuses on whether the recently discovered species Australopithecus sediba is the ancestor of the genus Homo [11,16]. The second concerns the systematics of the fossil hominins from the site of Dmanisi, Georgia [17,[25][26][27][28][29][30]. The third is whether the so-called 'hobbit' fossils from Liang Bua, Indonesia, represent a distinct hominin species, and if they do, from which lineage they are descended [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian analysis of a morphological supermatrix sheds light on controversial fossil hominin relationships

et al. 2015

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The phylogenetic relationships of several hominin species remain controversial. Two methodological issues contribute to the uncertainty-use of partial, inconsistent datasets and reliance on phylogenetic methods that are ill-suited to testing competing hypotheses. Here, we report a study designed to overcome these issues. We first compiled a supermatrix of craniodental characters for all widely accepted hominin species. We then took advantage of recently developed Bayesian methods for building trees of serially sampled tips to test among hypotheses that have been put forward in three of the most important current debates in hominin phylogeneticsthe relationship between Australopithecus sediba and Homo, the taxonomic status of the Dmanisi hominins, and the place of the so-called hobbit fossils from Flores, Indonesia, in the hominin tree. Based on our results, several published hypotheses can be statistically rejected. For example, the data do not support the claim that Dmanisi hominins and all other early Homo specimens represent a single species, nor that the hobbit fossils are the remains of small-bodied modern humans, one of whom had Down syndrome. More broadly, our study provides a new baseline dataset for future work on hominin phylogeny and illustrates the promise of Bayesian approaches for understanding hominin phylogenetic relationships.

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“…However, the remaining three cannot be rejected. Of these, the one with the highest marginal likelihood is based on Martinó n-Torres et al's [29] 'two species' hypothesis.…”

Section: Ergaster)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian analysis of a morphological supermatrix sheds light on controversial fossil hominin relationships

et al. 2015

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“…These cusps tend to develop as ridges or tubercles rather than as independent cusps with a free apex (e.g., To bias, 1991;Martin6n-Torres, 2006). The development of extralingual cusps, usually located in the distolingual talonid, may contribute to the asymmetry of the occlusal outline of the tooth (Wood and Uytterschaut, 1987;G6mez-Robles et al, 2008). These cusps are delimited by secondary fissures that stem out from the posterior fovea.…”

Section: Lower Canines (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H. sapiens is characterized by symmetrical and circular outlines with weak or absent talonids. The occlusal polygon (as defined by Martin6n-Torres et al [2006] and G6mez-Robles et al [2008]) is large and centrally located due to the buccally-displaced protoconid tip. H. heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis are characterized by small occlusal polygons, closely positioned near the lingual margin of the tooth due to the lingual displacement of the protoconid.…”

Section: Lower Canines (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their occlusal contour is symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, frequently with the distal side of the lingual outline being convex and the mesial side being concave. Interestingly, the Arago specimens have been described as somewhat more primitive than other H. heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis specimens, with wider occlusal polygons and more asymmetrical contours (G6mez-Robles et al, 2008;G6mez Rabies, 2010). This conformation would be in line with the "inter mediate" morphologies (between Early and Upper Pleistocene hominins) previously described for the Arago hominins (Bermudez de Castro et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Lower Canines (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological description and comparison of the dental remains from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos site (Spain)

Martinón‐Torres

Castro

Gómez‐Robles

et al. 2012

Journal of Human Evolution

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220

258

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Deciduous Dentition of Fossil Hominins

Bailey

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The deciduous dentition is the first of two successive sets of teeth in humans. It consists of 20 teeth that are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth, of which there are 32. The most significant differences in the teeth of fossil hominins and great apes are the reduction of canine size, the change in canine shape and the increased complexity of the deciduous lower first molar. At about 2.5 million years ago, one hominin lineage – Paranthropus – continued to increase size and complexity of molars, and reduce canine and incisor size, while the lineage leading to our species Homo sapiens underwent dental reduction and simplification. Compared to earlier hominins, the deciduous teeth of recent humans are greatly reduced in size and complexity. However, the range of size and morphological variation among geographic populations is very wide, especially for deciduous first molars. Key Concepts Hominin deciduous teeth differ from those of great apes primarily in the size and shape of the upper and lower canines and shape of lower first molar. Hominin deciduous incisors are smaller than those of great apes and early hominin upper incisors are more heteromorphic (greater differences in size between lateral and central incisors). Hominin deciduous canines are shorter, smaller and less pointed than those of great apes. Hominin deciduous canines are more diamond shaped and less conical than those of great apes. Hominin deciduous lower first molars are nonsectorial and have more cusps than those of great apes. Hominin deciduous molars are larger and may be morphologically more complex than those of great apes. The genus Homo is characterised by incisor expansion, further canine diminution and molar reduction. Neanderthals can be statistically distinguished from Homo sapiens in the shape and cusp size of deciduous molars. Recent humans are highly variable compared to their fossil relatives, but tend to have even smaller and more simplified canines and postcanine teeth.

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Dental remains from Dmanisi (Republic of Georgia): Morphological analysis and comparative study

Cited by 120 publications

References 61 publications

Bayesian analysis of a morphological supermatrix sheds light on controversial fossil hominin relationships

Bayesian analysis of a morphological supermatrix sheds light on controversial fossil hominin relationships

Morphological description and comparison of the dental remains from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos site (Spain)

Deciduous Dentition of Fossil Hominins

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