Dental Splints: Types and Time of Immobilization Post Tooth Avulsion

Abstract

Avulsion is defined as the complete displacement of the tooth out of its socket with disruption of the fibers of periodontal ligament, remaining some of them adhered to the cementum and the rest to the alveolar bone. This condition is more frequent in young permanent teeth, because the root development is still incomplete. Splints are used to immobilize traumatized teeth that suffered damage in their structures of support, preventing their constant movement. The literature has shown that after replantation, it is necessary to use splints in order to immobilize the teeth during the initial period, which is essential for the repair of periodontal ligament; the use of semi-rigid splint is more indicated than the rigid one, and long periods of splinting showed that substitutive resorption or ankylosis is an expected complication. Thus, the aim of this review is to describe the different types of splints; their time of permanency, and its influence on the process of healing and reparation on the occurrence of substitutive resorption or ankylosis. It is very important to keep gathering knowledge about this content, since it has been proved that the approaches and the protocols keep changing over time.

Protocolos e condutas para diferentes situações clínicas de avulsão de dentes permanentes

“…Estas permitem a imobilização do dente durante o período inicial, fundamental para a recuperação do ligamento periodontal, sendo o tipo semirígido preferível ao rígido. Contudo, longos períodos de uso das contenções são contraindicados devido a possibilidade de reabsorção ou aquilose 35 .…”

Intentional replantation and Biodentine root reconstruction. A case report with 10‐year follow‐up

“…Splinting types and duration on periodontal healing have been widely studied on replanted teeth (Veras et al . 2017). Although, ankylosis and replacement resorption may be observed with a long‐term splinting, significant improvements outcomes with short‐term splinting have not been shown.…”

“…Although primary stability after replantation in the socket was achieved, an arch wire splint was used to secure the tooth for 2 weeks. Splinting types and duration on periodontal healing have been widely studied on replanted teeth (Veras et al 2017). Although, ankylosis and replacement resorption may be observed with a long-term splinting, significant improvements outcomes with short-term splinting have not been shown.…”

Manejo endodôntico de dentes reimplantados: revisão de literatura

“…O reimplante dentário é um procedimento odontológico feito em situações especificas e não muito frequente na prática clínica (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Sabe-se que quando o reimplante é realizado, uma das consequências esperadas é a anquilose, devido ao dano do ligamento periodontal (LP) (1,(6)(7)(8)(9). Entretanto, após o reimplante, outras situações podem ocorrer, tais como reabsorção substitutiva e reabsorção externa inflamatória (9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

“…Sabe-se que quando o reimplante é realizado, uma das consequências esperadas é a anquilose, devido ao dano do ligamento periodontal (LP) (1,(6)(7)(8)(9). Entretanto, após o reimplante, outras situações podem ocorrer, tais como reabsorção substitutiva e reabsorção externa inflamatória (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Contudo, essas consequências podem ser evitadas ou simplesmente controladas se algumas medidas de preservação e uma adequada terapia endodôntica for realizada (4,5,(13)(14)(15).…”