Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis during Early Embryogenesis

Brachet, Jean

doi:10.1042/bst0051184

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The ethanol-chloroform extract of Spongia sp.I contains appreciable amount of spongian diterpenes. The 19norspongia-13(16),14-dien-3-one (1) and nine previously known spongian diterpenes, namely 3,18-methylene-2acetoxyspongia-13(16),14-diene (2) [2], spongia-13(16),14-dien-3-one (4) [3], 3-acetoxyspongia-13(16),14-diene (5) [2], 3-acetoxyspongia-13(16),14diene (6) [2], 19-acetoxyspongia-13(16),14-diene (7) [2], 19-acetoxyspongia-13(16),14-dien-3-one (8) [2], 3,19diacetoxyspongia-13(16),14-diene (9) [2], 19hydroxyspongia-13(16),14-dien-3-one (10) [4a], 3,17,19triacetoxyspongia-13(16),14-dien-2-one (11) 16),14-dien-3-one (1) had been previously synthesized as intermediate during preparation of spongiadiosphenol. [6].…”

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“…We have studied the effect of spongian diterpenoids on the embryo development and the nucleic acid biosynthesis of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius embryos. As it was previously shown, intensive and synchronous DNA synthesis takes place at early stages of differentiation and development of the sea urchin embryos [7]. The rate of DNA biosynthesis in the embryonic cells correlates with the high levels of DNA-polymerases activity [8a] as well as the activities of other enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of nucleic acid precursors.…”

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Terpenoid Metabolites from Spongia spp. and Their Effects on Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis in Sea Urchin Eggs

Ponomarenko

Терентьева

Krasokhin

et al. 2011

Natural Product Communications

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19-Norspongia-13(16),14-diene-3-one (1) was isolated for the first time from a natural source, along with a series of known spongiane diterpenoids (2-11) and sesquiterpene (12) from two unidentified species belonging to the genus Spongia. The effects of 1, 4, 5, 8-12 on biosynthesis of nucleic acids and embryonic development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius have been studied. All the compounds inhibit sea urchin embryo development at concentration of 20  g/mL and above and DNA biosynthesis at the dose of 10  g/mL. The inhibitory effect of diterpenoids at least partly may be explained by the inhibition of thymidine kinase activity.

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confidence: 99%

Terpenoid Metabolites from Spongia spp. and Their Effects on Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis in Sea Urchin Eggs

Ponomarenko

Терентьева

Krasokhin

et al. 2011

Natural Product Communications

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“…However, even today, an appreciation of the precise levels of nucleotides in a cell, their effect upon each another and sub-cellular localization is poorly understood ( Leeds et al, 1985 ; Andersson et al, 1988 ). This knowledge gap also extends to nucleotide activity-based localization ( Mathews and Ji, 1992 ) and tissue- or development-specific nucleotide pool regulation ( Mathews, 2019 , 1975 ; Brachet, 1977 ). The role of folate in maintaining uracil levels, outlined above, likely plays a role in some of these cellular processes, a connection that will be revealed as researchers seek to better understand the connection between nucleotide levels, repeats, and fragility.…”

Section: Folate Metabolism and Fragilitymentioning

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Fragile sites, chromosomal lesions, tandem repeats, and disease

Mirceta

Shum²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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Expanded tandem repeat DNAs are associated with various unusual chromosomal lesions, despiralizations, multi-branched inter-chromosomal associations, and fragile sites. Fragile sites cytogenetically manifest as localized gaps or discontinuities in chromosome structure and are an important genetic, biological, and health-related phenomena. Common fragile sites (∼230), present in most individuals, are induced by aphidicolin and can be associated with cancer; of the 27 molecularly-mapped common sites, none are associated with a particular DNA sequence motif. Rare fragile sites (≳ 40 known), ≤ 5% of the population (may be as few as a single individual), can be associated with neurodevelopmental disease. All 10 molecularly-mapped folate-sensitive fragile sites, the largest category of rare fragile sites, are caused by gene-specific CGG/CCG tandem repeat expansions that are aberrantly CpG methylated and include FRAXA, FRAXE, FRAXF, FRA2A, FRA7A, FRA10A, FRA11A, FRA11B, FRA12A, and FRA16A. The minisatellite-associated rare fragile sites, FRA10B, FRA16B, can be induced by AT-rich DNA-ligands or nucleotide analogs. Despiralized lesions and multi-branched inter-chromosomal associations at the heterochromatic satellite repeats of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 are inducible by de-methylating agents like 5-azadeoxycytidine and can spontaneously arise in patients with ICF syndrome (Immunodeficiency Centromeric instability and Facial anomalies) with mutations in genes regulating DNA methylation. ICF individuals have hypomethylated satellites I-III, alpha-satellites, and subtelomeric repeats. Ribosomal repeats and subtelomeric D4Z4 megasatellites/macrosatellites, are associated with chromosome location, fragility, and disease. Telomere repeats can also assume fragile sites. Dietary deficiencies of folate or vitamin B12, or drug insults are associated with megaloblastic and/or pernicious anemia, that display chromosomes with fragile sites. The recent discovery of many new tandem repeat expansion loci, with varied repeat motifs, where motif lengths can range from mono-nucleotides to megabase units, could be the molecular cause of new fragile sites, or other chromosomal lesions. This review focuses on repeat-associated fragility, covering their induction, cytogenetics, epigenetics, cell type specificity, genetic instability (repeat instability, micronuclei, deletions/rearrangements, and sister chromatid exchange), unusual heritability, disease association, and penetrance. Understanding tandem repeat-associated chromosomal fragile sites provides insight to chromosome structure, genome packaging, genetic instability, and disease.

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