Dependency of the elderly and expectation of independent living at birth in Japan

Fukawa, Tetsuo

doi:10.15761/hpc.1000112

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In Japan, the prescription prevalence of antidementia drugs among those aged 65 years and older was 5.1% during 2015-2016 (36). The prevalence of dementia among the population aged 65 years and older was 5.6% in mainland China from 2013 to 2015 (2), 9.3% in Germany in 2009 (37), and ∼6-10% in Japan in 2015 (38). Therefore, the prescription prevalence of antidementia drugs of <1% in China was relatively lower, which may be caused by the fact that the rate of undetected dementia was higher in middleincome Asian countries (i.e., Thailand and China) (93.2%) than in North America (62.9%) and Europe (53.7%) (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Psychotropic Medication Prescriptions in Urban China From 2013 to 2017: National Population-Based Study

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Purpose: Psychotropic medications are commonly used for treating mental disorders; however, there is currently no study on how commonly they are used in China. This study reported the trends in psychotropic medications prescriptions in urban China.Methods: A national population-based study was conducted using the China Health Insurance Research Association database to estimate the period prescription prevalence of 11 major classes of psychotropic medications annually during 2013–2017. The World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes were used to identify psychotropic medications.Results: The prescription prevalence of any psychotropic medication increased from 8.110% (8.106–8.114%) in 2013 to 11.362% (11.357–11.366%) in 2017. The prescription prevalence of six classes increased significantly during 2013–2017, including sedatives-hypnotics (from 3.177 to 5.388%), anxiolytics (from 1.436 to 2.200%), antiepileptic drugs (from 1.416 to 2.140%), antipsychotics (from 0.809 to 1.156%), antidepressants (from 0.891 to 1.045%), and psycholeptic polypills (from 0.682 to 0.866%). The prescription prevalence of antidementia drugs increased from 0.069 to 0.122%, and mood stabilizers increased from 0.029 to 0.037%, although not statistically significant. The prescription prevalence of nootropic drugs, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and drugs used in the treatment of addictive disorders was largely stable. Psychotropic medication prescription increased with age for all classes except for ADHD medications and mood stabilizers.Conclusion: Increasing trends in prescription prevalence were observed for most classes of psychotropic medications in urban China, although the prevalence was still lower than that in most developed countries. Further research is warranted to explore the potential treatment gap between China and most developed countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Psychotropic Medication Prescriptions in Urban China From 2013 to 2017: National Population-Based Study

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…[26] But in Japan the proportion of dependency at an advanced age group was too high. [28] Positive feelings of being independent when growing old were seen in relation to earlier experiences of life. [29] Autonomy is one of the traits of self-actualized persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Actualization: Self-Care outcomes among elderly patients with hypertension

Gholamnejad

Darvishpoor-Kakhki

Ahmadi

et al. 2019

Iranian J Nursing Midwifery Res

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Background: This study aims to analyze the experiences of older patients with hypertension to realize the outcomes of their self-care behaviors for controlling hypertension. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative research with a conventional content analysis approach. The participants consisting of 23 people were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews until data were saturated. Granheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis was applied to analyze the data. Results: After data analysis, four main categories including self-efficacy, active lifestyle, spirituality, and stress management were obtained. These categories show the experience and outcomes of self-care behaviors among elderly patients with hypertension. Conclusions: Awareness of the elderly of their potentials and role in disease control in addition to relying on the power of spirituality provides positive results in hypertension management. Self-actualization of the elderly resulted in resisting against the destructive effects of internal and external stress and moving in the direction of growth. Health professionals should be vigilant to encourage and promote education about the importance and advantages of self-care for elderlies.

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“…The incidence of dependency level 3 increased from 0.5% at age group 65 -69 through 9.8% at age group 85 -89 to 41.9% at age group 100+ in 2015 (both sexes) [4]. Future incidence was slightly modified according to the assumption of longevity extension, and the number of dependency level 3 continues to increase in the future.…”

Section: ) Projection Of the Elderly By Dependency Levelmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The proportion of dependency level 2 was 8.2% (6.1% for males and 9.8% for females), and dependency level 3 was 3.6% (2.2% for males and 4.7% for females) in 2015 [4]. The proportion of those elderly who are com- pletely independent decreases gradually, and that of those elderly with dependency levels 2 and 3 will steadily increase, and about 9% of female elderly (65+)…”

Section: ) Projection Of the Elderly By Dependency Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly Population Projection and Their Health Expenditure Prospects in Japan

Fukawa¹

2017

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By using a dynamic micro-simulation model named INAHSIM-II, we conducted a population-household projection in Japan (INAHSIM 2017) for the period of 2015-2065. Due to rapid aging of the population, the distribution of the elderly (65 years old or older) by dependency level has a profound impact on health expenditure (namely medical expenditure and long-term care expenditure) of the elderly. In this paper, we estimated health expenditure of the elderly in 2025-2065, using the results of the projection of the elderly by dependency level.

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Dependency of the elderly and expectation of independent living at birth in Japan

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Trends in Psychotropic Medication Prescriptions in Urban China From 2013 to 2017: National Population-Based Study

Trends in Psychotropic Medication Prescriptions in Urban China From 2013 to 2017: National Population-Based Study

Self-Actualization: Self-Care outcomes among elderly patients with hypertension

Elderly Population Projection and Their Health Expenditure Prospects in Japan

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