Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory: A Collection of Measures for Studying Deployment-Related Experiences of Military Personnel and Veterans

King, Lynda A.; King, Daniel W.; Vogt, Dawne; Knight, Jeffrey; Samper, Rita E.

doi:10.1207/s15327876mp1802_1

Cited by 659 publications

(750 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Parent/guardian status was defined as having one or more children younger than 18 years of age in the household, and considering oneself a parent, step-parent, guardian, or primary care-giver for the child(ren). Combat exposure was assessed with four items from the Department of Defense Post-Deployment Health Assessment, 28 assessing service in a combat or conflict zone that included any of the following exposures: exposure to dead or wounded; discharging a weapon; or feeling Bin great danger of being hurt or killed.^MST was assessed using the seven-item sexual harassment subscale of the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory, 29 and was coded positively if a woman reported any of the following: repeated crude or offensive sexual remarks or rumors; coercive sexual activity as a result of rewards or special treatment, or as a result of threats of harm or retaliation; sexual assault; or rape.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Veterans who Utilize Veterans Health Administration Primary Care

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) among women Veterans utilizing Veterans Health Administration (VHA) primary care, and to document associated demographic, military, and primary care characteristics. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort design, where participants completed a telephone survey in 2012 (84% participation rate); responses were linked to VHA administrative data for utilization in the year prior to the survey. PARTICIPANTS: A national stratified random sample of 6,287 women Veteran VHA primary care users participated in the study. MAIN MEASURES: Past-year IPV was assessed using the HARK screening tool. Self-report items and scales assessed demographic and military characteristics. Primary care characteristics were assessed via selfreport and VHA administrative data. KEY RESULTS: The prevalence of past-year IPV among women Veterans was 18.5% (se = 0.5%), with higher rates (22.2% -25.5%) among women up to age 55. Other demographic correlates included indicators of economic hardship, lesbian or bisexual orientation, and being a parent/ guardian of a child less than 18 years old. Military correlates included service during Vietnam to post-Vietnam eras, less than 10 years of service, and experiences of Military Sexual Trauma (MST). Most (77.3%, se = 1.2%) women who experienced IPV identified a VHA provider as their usual provider. Compared with women who did not report past-year IPV, women who reported IPV had more primary care visits, yet experienced lower continuity of care across providers. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of past-year IPV among women beyond childbearing years, the majority of whom primarily rely on VHA as a source of health care, reinforces the importance of screening all women for IPV in VHA primary care settings. Key considerations for service implementation include sensitivity with respect to sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and other aspects of diversity, as well as care coordination and linkages with social services and MST-related care.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Veterans who Utilize Veterans Health Administration Primary Care

et al. 2016

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“…Social support-The DRRI-Postdeployment Social Support scale (PDSS) from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (King, King, Vogt, Knight, & Samper 2006) was used to assess perceived availability of social support. The PDSS was administered four months after the initial assessment.…”

Section: Measures Of Psychological Resources and Mediating Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience, traumatic brain injury, depression, and posttraumatic stress among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans.

Elliott¹,

Hsiao

Kimbrel

et al. 2015

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Objective-We examined the prospective influence of the resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled personality prototypes on depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. After accounting for the possible influence of combat exposure, we expected that the resilient prototype would predict lower depression and PTSD over time and would be associated with adaptive coping strategies, higher social support, lower psychological inflexibility, and higher self-reported resilience relative to the overcontrolled and undercontrolled prototypes, independent of TBI status.

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“…The items directly related to exposure are to some extent similar to those in the widely used combat exposure scale (Keane et al, 1989) measuring only the dimension ‘combat experiences’. However, the distinction in DI between perceived exposure to combat and witnessing the consequences of war is more in line with another well-known self-reported combat exposure scale namely the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI-2), with a distinction between combat experiences (perceived threat, perceived exposure) and post-battle experiences (King, King, Knight, & Samper, 2006; Vogt et al, 2013). Perceived DI was expressed as a total sum score, and thus based on an assumption of unidimensionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Second, the construction and selection of the original perceived DI items was performed by military psychologists and other researchers, and there is no record on theoretical or empirical justification on item generation or inclusion. However, comparison with other scales for assessing combat exposure and other adverse events during deployment (King, King, Vogt, et al, 2006) suggests a substantial semantic overlap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, life in a war zone often includes stressful experiences not related directly to combat and not posing a direct threat, e.g. exposure to the adverse effects of battle such as witnessing distress among the locals and assaults on civilians (King, King, Vogt, Knight, & Samper, 2006; Polusny et al, 2014; Polusny et al, 2011). Such stressful experiences during deployment have also been found to be related to an increase in PTSD symptoms from before to after deployment (Osório et al, 2017; Polusny et al, 2011; Vasterling et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived danger during deployment: a Rasch validation of an instrument assessing perceived combat exposure and the witnessing of combat consequences in a war zone

Karstoft

Nielsen

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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The potential stressors associated with military deployment are related to an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Perceived exposure to combat has been found to be proportional to the severity of post-deployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, other perceived adversities during deployment, such as witnessing danger, distress, and hardship in the war zone, have been less systematically studied, but might play an equally substantial role for post-deployment mental health. The development and validation of scales that assess these related constructs are needed to distinguish their contribution to post-deployment risk of PTSD. We evaluated the validity of 10 items measuring perceived danger distributed to all deployed personnel with the Danish Defense since 1998. We hypothesize two scales: Exposure to Danger and Combat (EDC) and Witnessing Consequences of War (WCW). Two military cohorts deployed to Afghanistan in 2009 (Cohort 1, N = 276) and 2013 (Cohort 2, N = 273) were included. Questionnaire data was collected six months after homecoming, including deployment experiences and post-deployment reactions. We tested the construct validity of the 10 items of perceived danger with Rasch models (RM), focusing specifically on presence of subscales, and differential item functioning (DIF) across cohorts. We confirmed the existence of two separate subscales, EDCS and WCWS, both with adequate reliability. None of the subscales fitted a pure RM, but adequate fit was found for graphical log-linear RMs with evidence of DIF for the ECDS. However, adjusting the score to account for DIF had practically no effect, suggesting that the total non-adjusted mean score can be used in future cohort comparisons. Perceived exposure to combat and danger and witnessing consequences of war are related, but essentially distinct, concepts, each providing unique information about deployment adversities. Future studies should evaluate their shared and unique contribution to the risk of post-deployment PTSD.

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Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory: A Collection of Measures for Studying Deployment-Related Experiences of Military Personnel and Veterans

Cited by 659 publications

References 84 publications

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Veterans who Utilize Veterans Health Administration Primary Care

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Veterans who Utilize Veterans Health Administration Primary Care

Resilience, traumatic brain injury, depression, and posttraumatic stress among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans.

Perceived danger during deployment: a Rasch validation of an instrument assessing perceived combat exposure and the witnessing of combat consequences in a war zone

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