Depolymerization of lignin by microwave-assisted methylation of benzylic alcohols

Zhu, Guodian; Qiu, Xueqing; Zhao, Ying; Qian, Yong; Pang, Yongqiang; Ouyang, Xinping

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.021

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…15 Overview of the various reductive lignin depolymerisation methods with hydrogen as reducing agent: mild hydroprocessing, 97,135,143,195,226,231,310,363, harsh hydroprocessing, [403][404][405][406][407][408][409][410] bifunctional hydroprocessing, 178,281,310,[411][412][413][414][415] and liquid phase reforming. 309,401,[416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430][431][432][433] The yield histograms indicate the relative distribution of maximum reported monomer yields for each depolymerisation study and for each lignin substrate (if multiple substrates were used). The process characteristics and monomer yields of each individual study can be found in the ESI † (Tables S2-S5).…”

Section: Depolymerisation Of Isolated Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In pursuit of more sustainable and competitive biorefineries, the effective valorisation of lignin is key. An alluring opportunity is the exploitation of lignin as a resource for chemicals. Three technological biorefinery aspects will determine the realisation of a successful lignin-to-chemicals valorisation chain, namely (i) lignocellulose fractionation, (ii) lignin depolymerisation, and (iii) upgrading towards targeted chemicals. This review provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that has been devoted to each of these three interconnected biorefinery aspects, ranging from industrially well-established techniques to the latest cutting edge innovations. To navigate the reader through the overwhelming collection of literature on each topic, distinct strategies/topics were delineated and summarised in comprehensive overview figures. Upon closer inspection, conceptual principles arise that rationalise the success of certain methodologies, and more importantly, can guide future research to further expand the portfolio of promising technologies. When targeting chemicals, a key objective during the fractionation and depolymerisation stage is to minimise lignin condensation (i.e. formation of resistive carbon-carbon linkages). During fractionation, this can be achieved by either (i) preserving the (native) lignin structure or (ii) by tolerating depolymerisation of the lignin polymer but preventing condensation through chemical quenching or physical removal of reactive intermediates. The latter strategy is also commonly applied in the lignin depolymerisation stage, while an alternative approach is to augment the relative rate of depolymerisation vs. condensation by enhancing the reactivity of the lignin structure towards depolymerisation. Finally, because depolymerised lignins often consist of a complex mixture of various compounds, upgrading of the raw product mixture through convergent transformations embodies a promising approach to decrease the complexity. This particular upgrading approach is termed funneling, and includes both chemocatalytic and biological strategies.

show abstract

Section: Depolymerisation Of Isolated Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several novel two‐step lignin depolymerization strategies were also developed. For example, C α ‐OH of β‐O‐4 linkages in wheat alkali lignin was firstly methylated with methanol in the presence of aluminum sulfate under microwave irradiation, followed by the Pd/C‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis for the cleavage of methylated β‐O‐4 linkage to yield 11 to 17 wt % lignin monomer . Recently, Wang's group innovatively introduced the amino or iminyl radical into C α =O of β‐O‐4 linkage to facilitate the production of fine chemicals containing nitrogen from lignin (aromatic isoxazole, nitrile, ester, and arylamine)…”

Section: Directed Cleavage Of Ether Linkages In the Side Chain Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product‐oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin

Shen

Liu

2020

ChemSusChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignin is one of the most important biomacromolecules in the plant biomass and the largest renewable source of aromatic building blocks in nature. Selectively producing value‐added chemicals from the catalytic transformation of renewable lignin is of strategic significance and meet sustainability targets owing to the excessive consumption of non‐renewable petroleum resource, but remains a long‐term challenge owing to the complexity of lignin structure. This Minireview provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that provides insight into selectively catalytic transformations of lignin and its derived monomers via directed scissor of chemical linkages (C−O and C−C bonds) with product‐oriented targets. Furthermore, some challenges and opportunities of lignin catalytic transformation are provided based on existing problems in this field for readers to discuss future research directions.

show abstract

“…The hypothesis is that CuSO 4 plays an important role as a catalyst to generate hydroxyl radicals from H 2 O 2 , and the irradiation of microwave accelerated the reaction, and these radicals degrade the lignin as previously reported. 32…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CuSO₄/H₂O₂-Catalyzed Lignin Depolymerization under the Irradiation of Microwaves

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increasing demand for renewable materials in the world has resulted in sustained efforts to utilize biomass in a better way. Lignin, a natural and abundant polymer in plants, has provided an ongoing challenge for many researchers seeking ways to better utilize this abundant resource. Here, we report a very efficient lignin depolymerization strategy with the assistant of microwave radiation. Copper sulphate (CuSO 4 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) were used to generate hydroxyl radicals to depolymerize lignin under the irradiation of microwaves. Three different types of lignin, organosolv lignin, kraft lignin, and alkali lignin, were all successfully depolymerized using microwave irradiation at a temperature of 110 °C for 7 min. The use of 1 H/ 13 C two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy enabled the confirmation of structural changes, comparing before and after depolymerization. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to characterize the products. Both monomers and oligomers were detected after depolymerization.

show abstract

Depolymerization of lignin by microwave-assisted methylation of benzylic alcohols

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading

Product‐oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin

CuSO₄/H₂O₂-Catalyzed Lignin Depolymerization under the Irradiation of Microwaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Depolymerization of lignin by microwave-assisted methylation of benzylic alcohols

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading

Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading

Product‐oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin

CuSO4/H2O2-Catalyzed Lignin Depolymerization under the Irradiation of Microwaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CuSO₄/H₂O₂-Catalyzed Lignin Depolymerization under the Irradiation of Microwaves