Deposition and growth of noble metal clusters on graphite

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of simple models useful to analyze the growth of nanostructures obtained by cluster deposition. After detailing the potential interest of nanostructures, I extensively study the first stages of growth (the submonolayer regime) by kinetic MonteCarlo simulations. These simulations are performed in a wide variety of experimental situations : complete condensation, growth with reevaporation, nucleation on defects, total or null clustercluster coalescence . . . . The main scope of the paper is to help experimentalists analyzing their data to deduce which of those processes are important and to quantify them. A software including all these simulation programs is available at no cost on request to the author. I carefully discuss experiments of growth from cluster beams and show how the mobility of the clusters on the surface can be measured : surprisingly high values are found. An important issue for future technological applications of cluster deposition is the relation between the size of the incident clusters and the size of the islands obtained on the substrate. An approximate formula which gives the ratio of the two sizes as a function of the melting temperature of the material deposited is given. Finally, I study the atomic mechanisms which can explain the diffusion of the clusters on a substrate and the result of their mutual interaction (simple juxtaposition, partial or total coalescence . . . ).

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“…In this subsection, I try to analyze data obtained in previous studies [62,137]. I provide possible (i.e.…”

Section: B Other Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another strategy to grow nanostructures with cluster beams consists in depositing low energy particles [13,19,48,[61][62][63][64][65]. Ideally, by depositing the clusters with low kinetic energies, one would like to conserve the memory of the free cluster phase [13] to form thin films with original properties.…”

Section: Low Energy Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of nanostructures by cluster deposition: Experiments and simple models

1999

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“…The research into the nucleation and growth of n ano-phase metallic thin films on inert substrates, such as graphite, via atomic vapour deposition has been the subject of renewed interest [1] owing to the catalytic properties of these materials [2,3], and more generally the possibility of incorporating metal clusters as building blocks into the fabrication of nano-scale electronic (or photonic) devices such as sensors [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An understanding of the underlying atomic-level dynamics involved in these processes could therefore provide an opportunity for devising practical techniques for producing nano-structured quantum devices in a controlled way [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of Adsorption of Metallic Particles on Graphite Substrate Via Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Rafii-Tabar

1998

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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A computer-based numerical modelling of the adsorption process of gas phase metallic particles on the surface of a graphite substrate has been performed via the application of molecular dynamics simulation method. The simulation relates to an extensive STM-based experiment performed in this field, and reproduces part of the experimental results. Both two-body and many-body inter-atomic potentials have been employed. A Morse-type potential describing the metal-carbon interactions at the interface was specifically formulated for this modelling. Intercalation of silver in graphite has been observed as well as the correct alignments of monomers, dimers and two-dimensional islands on the surface.

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“…Using a similar experimental setup the evolution of the electronic structure of Pt n and Pd n clusters on Ag (110) has been studied by photoemission [11,12]. In the last two years an improved version of the sputter source has been used to study the impact and the deposition of metal clusters on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]; for the deposition of larger Ag n clusters (n = 50-400) on HOPG a gas aggregation source is used [20][21][22]. Heiz et al recently developed an improved laser vaporization source for the deposition of transition-metal clusters (Ni n [23,24], Pt n [25]) on metal oxide surfaces with the goal to study systematically the size dependence of the catalytic properties of these clusters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of mass-selected cluster ions using a pulsed arc cluster-ion source

Klipp

Grass

Müller

et al. 2001

Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing

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Abstract.A PACIS (pulsed arc cluster-ion source) developed for high average cluster-ion currents is presented. The performance of the PACIS at different operational modes is described, and the suitability for cluster-deposition experiments is discussed in comparison with other cluster-ion sources. Maximum currents of mass-selected cluster ions of 3-6 nA of small Si The preparation of nanostructures on surfaces is one of the major tasks in technology and basic research. Applications of nanostructured surfaces are abundant and cover a wide range from heterogeneous catalysis to high-density computer memories. From the point of view of basic research, many of the properties of small three-dimensional nanostructures and two-dimensional islands on surfaces are not well understood yet. For example, there is no systematic study of the size-dependence of the electronic structure of clusters of simple metals on surfaces, although free clusters of such metals show strong variations depending on the number of delocalized electrons [1]. Concerning the chemical properties, there are first results on the size-dependence of the catalytic properties of small clusters on inert substrates [2], but there are only very few systematic studies yet (see below). The kind of research focussing on the electronic and chemical properties of monodispersed small clusters on surfaces is only at its beginning. The reason is that it is difficult to deposit clusters with a perfectly monodispersed size distribution on a surface.

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Deposition and growth of noble metal clusters on graphite

Abstract: Non-SI utzrf.\ et?iplo~w/: Torr z 133 Pa, eV 2 1.60 x 10 l 9 J.

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Growth of nanostructures by cluster deposition: Experiments and simple models

Growth of nanostructures by cluster deposition: Experiments and simple models

Numerical Modelling of Adsorption of Metallic Particles on Graphite Substrate Via Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Deposition of mass-selected cluster ions using a pulsed arc cluster-ion source

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