Depositional and tectonic framework of the rift basins of Lake Baikal from multichannel seismic data

Hutchinson, Deborah R.; Golmshtok, A.J.; Zonenshain, Lev P.; Moore, Theodore C.; Scholz, Christopher A.; Klitgord, Kim D.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0589:datfot>2.3.co;2

Cited by 202 publications

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“…These sediments record the tectonic history of one of the most complex and active continental rift systems in the world. Rifting and related syndepositional processes have been active for a long time (probably since at least the mid-Miocene), and different parts of the rift have been active at different times (Logatchev and Florensov 1978;Hutchinson et al 1992;Moore et al 1997;Mats et al 2000). This history, combined with continuing modern tectonism, reveals details of rift-forming processes (e.g., Agar and Klitgord 1995) that are seldom recorded in ancient, or even modern, rifts.…”

Section: Importance Of the Sedimentary Record Of Lake Baikalmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The seismically active Baikal Rift Zone separates the Siberian Platform to the northwest from the Mongolian fold belt to the southeast (Logatchev and Florensov 1978;Hutchinson et al 1992;Mats 1993;Moore et al 1997;Mats et al 2000). For many reasons, from its active tectonics to its highly endemic flora and fauna, Lake Baikal has attracted almost mystical attention from researchers, especially since the opening of the former Soviet Union to outside scientists in 1989.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The delta has been constructed atop a complex accommodation zone of basement blocks that have subsided along both the main faults of the northwest rift margin and transverse faults (Hutchinson et al 1992;Scholz and Hutchinson 2000). A major fault is present beneath the delta front, where basement is offset from a depth of 3.6 s (two-way travel time) on the southwest to more than 7.0 s on the northeast (Hutchinson et al 1992;Scholz and Hutchinson 2000). Posolsky Bank on the southern side of the delta is a massive tilted fault block.…”

Section: Selenga Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Academician Ridge is a bathymetric and structural high, an ''accommodation zone'' (Hutchinson et al 1992;Scholz and Hutchinson 2000) between the North and Central basins. Compared with the Selenga Delta accommodation zone, it is relatively simple, bounded by segmented, largedisplacement, high-relief normal faults.…”

Section: Academician Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Academician Fault, a major active oblique-slip fault (Mats et al 2000), is also present along the crest of the ridge. Many of these faults have complex histories and senses of movement because of reactivation, changes in position with respect to the rift margin, and southward propagation of the North Basin rift (Hutchinson et al 1992;Agar and Klitgord 1995;Moore et al 1997;Mats et al 2000).…”

Section: Academician Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Colman¹,

Karabanov²,

Nelson³

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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The long, continuous, high-latitude, stratigraphic record of Lake Baikal was deposited in three broad sedimentary environments, defined by high-resolution seismic-reflection and coring methods: (1) turbidite depositional systems, by far the most widespread, characterizing most of the margins and floors of the main basins of the lake, (2) large deltas of major drainages, and (3) tectonically or topographically isolated ridges and banks. Holocene sedimentation rates based on radiocarbon ages vary by more than an order of magnitude among these environments, from less than about 0.03 mm/yr on ridges and banks to more than about 0.3 mm/yr on basin floors. Extrapolating these rates, with a correction for compaction, yields tentative estimates of about 25 and 11 Ma for the inception of rifting in the Central and North basins, respectively, and less than 6 Ma for the 200-m sediment depth on Academician Ridge.The Selenga Delta has the distinctive form of a classic prograding Gilbert-type delta, but its history appears to represent a complex combination of tectonism and sedimentation. The central part of the delta is underlain by prograding, shallow-water sequences, now several hundred meters below the lake surface. These deposits and much of the delta slope are mantled by fine-grained, deep-water, hemipelagic deposits whose base is estimated to be about 650,000 years old. Modern coarse-grained sediment bypasses the delta slope through fault-controlled canyons that feed large, subaqueous fans at the ends of the South and Central basins. These relations, along with abundant other evidence of recent faulting and the great depths of the Central and South basins, suggest that these two rift basins have experienced a period of unusually rapid subsidence over the last 650,000 years, during at least part of which sedimentation has failed to keep pace.

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Section: Importance Of the Sedimentary Record Of Lake Baikalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selenga Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Academician Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Academician Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Colman¹,

Karabanov²,

Nelson³

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Continental Rift Basins: The East African Perspective

Ebinger

Scholz

2011

Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins

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Early‐stage rifting of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin: Results from a combined wide‐angle and multichannel seismic study

Moeller

Grevemeyer

Ranero

et al. 2013

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] Extension of the continental lithosphere leads to the formation of rift basins and ultimately may create passive continental margins. The mechanisms that operate during the early stage of crustal extension are still intensely debated. We present the results from coincident multichannel seismic and wide-angle seismic profiles that transect across the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin. The profiles cross the Corsica Basin (France) to the Latium Margin (Italy) where the early-rift stage of the basin is well preserved. We found two domains, each with a distinct tectonic style, heat flow and crustal thickness. One domain is the Corsica Basin in the west that formed before the main rift phase of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea opening ($8-4 Ma). The second domain is rifted continental crust characterized by tilted blocks and half-graben structures in the central region and at the Latium Margin. These two domains are separated by a deep ($10 km) sedimentary complex of the eastern portion of the Corsica Basin. Travel-time tomography of wide-angle seismic data reveals the crustal architecture and a subhorizontal 15-17 6 1 km deep Moho discontinuity under the basin. To estimate the amount of horizontal extension we have identified the pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic sedimentary units and calculated the relative displacement of faults. We found that major faults initiated at angles of 45 -50 and that the rifted domain is horizontally stretched by a factor of $ 1.3 ($8-10 mm/a). The crust has been thinned from $24 to $17 km indicating a similar amount of extension ($30%). The transect represents one of the best imaged early rifts and implies that the formation of crustal-scale detachments, or long-lived low-angle normal faults, is not a general feature that controls the rift initiation of continental crust. Other young rift basins, like the Gulf of Corinth, the Suez Rift or Lake Baikal, display features resembling the northern Tyrrhenian Basin, suggesting that half-graben formations and distributed homogeneous crustal thinning are a common feature during rift initiation.

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Depositional and tectonic framework of the rift basins of Lake Baikal from multichannel seismic data

Cited by 202 publications

References 0 publications

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Continental Rift Basins: The East African Perspective

Early‐stage rifting of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea Basin: Results from a combined wide‐angle and multichannel seismic study

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