Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Current Understanding of Its Neurobiology and Diagnosis

Wen, Min; Dong, Zhen; Zhang, Lili; Li, Bing; Zhang, Yunshu; Li, Keqing

doi:10.2147/ndt.s383093

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Numerous studies have reported cognitive impairment in patients with MDD, including deficits in executive function, processing speed, memory, and attention (reviewed by [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]). A global assessment of cognitive abilities using the MoCA test also shows impairment in MDD patients [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression

Khodanovich,

Naumova,

Kamaeva

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Depression and cognitive impairment are recognized complications of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess cognitive performance in clinically diagnosed post-COVID depression (PCD, n = 25) patients using neuropsychological testing. Methods: The study involved 71 post-COVID patients with matched control groups: recovered COVID-19 individuals without complications (n = 18) and individuals without prior COVID-19 history (n = 19). A post-COVID depression group (PCD, n = 25) was identified based on psychiatric diagnosis, and a comparison group (noPCD, n = 46) included participants with neurological COVID-19 complications, excluding clinical depression. Results: The PCD patients showed gender-dependent significant cognitive impairment in the MoCA, Word Memory Test (WMT), Stroop task (SCWT), and Trail Making Test (TMT) compared to the controls and noPCD patients. Men with PCD showed worse performances on the SCWT, in MoCA attention score, and on the WMT (immediate and delayed word recall), while women with PCD showed a decline in MoCA total score, an increased processing time with less errors on the TMT, and worse immediate recall. No differences between groups in Sniffin’s stick test were found. Conclusions: COVID-related direct (post-COVID symptoms) and depression-mediated (depression itself, male sex, and severity of COVID-19) predictors of decline in memory and information processing speed were identified. Our findings may help to personalize the treatment of depression, taking a patient’s gender and severity of previous COVID-19 disease into account.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another distinctive feature of cognitive impairment in MDD is impairments in executive function and processing speed detected by the TMT and Stroop task [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 65 ]. We also found a significant increase in processing speed with a higher accuracy in the TMT in the PCD patients compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression

Khodanovich,

Naumova,

Kamaeva

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…Neurocognitive impairment is present in 85-94% of cases during an MDE and 39-44% of cases during remissions. It mainly involves attention, short-term memory, and executive function and accounts for a disproportionately high percentage of patients who have not completely reached the psychosocial functioning they used to have before the onset of the MDE (22)(23)(24). A better identification and characterization of patients with MDD with neurocognitive dysfunction might promote the development of new and personalized treatments (25).…”

Section: Major Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics approaches open new horizons in major depressive disorder: from biomarkers to precision medicine

Stolfi,

Abreu,

Sinella

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent episodic mood disorder that represents the third leading cause of disability worldwide. In MDD, several factors can simultaneously contribute to its development, which complicates its diagnosis. According to practical guidelines, antidepressants are the first-line treatment for moderate to severe major depressive episodes. Traditional treatment strategies often follow a one-size-fits-all approach, resulting in suboptimal outcomes for many patients who fail to experience a response or recovery and develop the so-called “therapy-resistant depression”. The high biological and clinical inter-variability within patients and the lack of robust biomarkers hinder the finding of specific therapeutic targets, contributing to the high treatment failure rates. In this frame, precision medicine, a paradigm that tailors medical interventions to individual characteristics, would help allocate the most adequate and effective treatment for each patient while minimizing its side effects. In particular, multi-omic studies may unveil the intricate interplays between genetic predispositions and exposure to environmental factors through the study of epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, gut microbiomics, and immunomics. The integration of the flow of multi-omic information into molecular pathways may produce better outcomes than the current psychopharmacological approach, which targets singular molecular factors mainly related to the monoamine systems, disregarding the complex network of our organism. The concept of system biomedicine involves the integration and analysis of enormous datasets generated with different technologies, creating a “patient fingerprint”, which defines the underlying biological mechanisms of every patient. This review, centered on precision medicine, explores the integration of multi-omic approaches as clinical tools for prediction in MDD at a single-patient level. It investigates how combining the existing technologies used for diagnostic, stratification, prognostic, and treatment-response biomarkers discovery with artificial intelligence can improve the assessment and treatment of MDD.

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“…MDD is characterized by a depressive mood bending lasting longer than 2 weeks. It describes a dramatic scenario in which emotional compunction meets social dysfunction, health issues and suicidal ideation [1]. It can be associated also with psychosis [2], representing, this latter, the delusional-hallucinatory hypostasis of the emotional atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cerebellum’s Role in Affective Disorders: The Onset of Its Social Dimension

Stanca,

Rossetti,

Bongioanni

2023

Metabolites

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are the most frequent mental disorders whose indeterminate etiopathogenesis spurs to explore new aetiologic scenarios. In light of the neuropsychiatric symptoms characterizing Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS), the objective of this narrative review is to analyze the involvement of the cerebellum (Cbm) in the onset of these conditions. It aims at detecting the repercussions of the Cbm activities on mood disorders based on its functional subdivision in vestibulocerebellum (vCbm), pontocerebellum (pCbm) and spinocerebellum (sCbm). Despite the Cbm having been, for decades, associated with somato-motor functions, the described intercellular pathways, without forgiving the molecular impairment and the alteration in the volumetric relationships, make the Cbm a new important therapeutic target for MDD and BD. Given that numerous studies have showed its activation during mnestic activities and socio-emotional events, this review highlights in the Cbm, in which the altered external space perception (vCbm) is strictly linked to the cognitive-limbic Cbm (pCbm and sCbm), a crucial role in the MDD and BD pathogenesis. Finally, by the analysis of the cerebellar activity, this study aims at underlying not only the Cbm involvement in affective disorders, but also its role in social relationship building.

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Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Current Understanding of Its Neurobiology and Diagnosis

Cited by 15 publications

References 122 publications

Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression

Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression

Omics approaches open new horizons in major depressive disorder: from biomarkers to precision medicine

The Cerebellum’s Role in Affective Disorders: The Onset of Its Social Dimension

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