Depression and smoking during pregnancy

Zhu, Shu‐Hong; Valbø, Annelill

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00199-x

Cited by 123 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Depressed women appear more likely to smoke, drink alcohol or use illicit substances in pregnancy (Shah and Howard, 2006;Zhu and Valbo, 2002;Zuckerman et al, 1989); the same observation applies to pregnant women with bipolar disorder, psychosis and eating disorders (Jones et al, 2014;Micali et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Impact Of Untreated Mental Illness On Antenatal Care and Thementioning

confidence: 87%

British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017

et al. 2017

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Decisions about the use of psychotropic medication in pregnancy are an ongoing challenge for clinicians and women with mental health problems, due to the uncertainties around risks of the illness itself to mother and fetus/infant, effectiveness of medications in pregnancy and risks to the fetus/infant from in utero exposure or via breast milk. These consensus guidelines aim to provide pragmatic advice regarding these issues. They are divided into sections on risks of untreated illness in pregnancy; general principles of using drugs in the perinatal period; benefits and harms associated with individual drugs; and recommendations for the management of specific disorders.

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Section: Impact Of Untreated Mental Illness On Antenatal Care and Thementioning

confidence: 87%

British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017

et al. 2017

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“…Among pregnant women, current and former smokers are more likely to report depressive symptoms than never-smokers ( Zhu & Valbo, 2002 ), and pregnant smokers are more likely than pregnant nonsmokers to have a mood disorder (major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and hypomania) or an anxiety disorder (panic disorder, phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder; Goodwin, Keyes, & Simuro, 2007 ). Although pregnant women who quit during pregnancy have lower levels of depressive and stress symptoms, compared with women who continue to smoke ( Blalock, Robinson, Wetter, & Cinciripini, 2006 ;Bullock, Mears, Woodcock, & Record, 2001 ;Ludman et al, 2000 ), prenatal quitters are at risk for both mood fl uctuations and smoking relapse after delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms and postpartum relapse to smoking: A longitudinal study

Park

Chang²,

Quinn³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Discussion : Among women who quit smoking during pregnancy, a worsening of depressive and stress symptoms over 12 weeks postpartum was associated with an increased risk of smoking by 24 weeks. IntroductionApproximately one third of female smokers quit once they learn that they are pregnant ( Fingerhut, Kleinman, & Kendrick, 1990 ;Floyd, Rimer, Giovino, Mullen, & Sullivan, 1993 ;LeClere & Wilson, 1997 ;Severson, Andrews, Lichtenstein, Wall, & Zoref, 1995 ), but up to two thirds of women who stop smoking during pregnancy relapse within 6 months after delivery ( Colman & Joyce, 2003 ;Fingerhut et al., 1990 ;Martin et al., 2008 ;McBride & Pirie, 1990 ;McBride, Pirie, & Curry, 1992 ;Ratner, Johnson, Bottorff, Dahinten, & Hall, 2000 ). Women who remain tobacco abstinent after delivery experience health benefi ts that include protection of infants from secondhand smoke exposure, lower risk of poor pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies, and decreased personal risk of tobacco-related health problems ( Mullen, 2004 ). To increase the proportion of women who maintain tobacco abstinence after delivery, it is necessary to understand the modifi able factors associated with postpartum relapse to smoking.In the general population, depression, anxiety, and stress are more common among smokers than nonsmokers; these factors are barriers to smoking cessation and triggers for relapse AbstractIntroduction : The aim of this prospective repeated measures, mixed-methods observational study was to assess whether depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms are associated with postpartum relapse to smoking.Methods : A total of 65 women who smoked prior to pregnancy and had not smoked during the last month of pregnancy were recruited at delivery and followed for 24 weeks. Surveys administered at baseline and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks postpartum assessed smoking status and symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]). In-depth interviews were conducted with women who reported smoking.Results : Although 92% of the participants reported a strong desire to stay quit, 47% resumed smoking by 24 weeks postpartum. Baseline factors associated with smoking at 24 weeks were having had a prior delivery, not being happy about the pregnancy, undergoing counseling for depression or anxiety during pregnancy, and ever having struggled with depression ( p < .05). In a repeated measures regression model, the slope of BDI scores from baseline to the 12-week follow-up differed between nonsmokers and smokers ( − 0.12 vs. +0.11 units/week, p = .03). The slope of PSS scores also differed between nonsmokers and smokers ( − 0.05 vs. +0.08 units/week, p = .04). In qualitative interviews, most women who relapsed attributed their relapse and continued smoking to negative emotions.

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“…The association between smoking and depression has been demonstrated among women during pregnancy (Pritchard, 1994, Zhu andValbo, 2002). However, this association during the postpartum period has received much less attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The co-occurrence of smoking and a major depressive episode among mothers 15 months after delivery

Whitaker

Orzol

Kahn

2007

Preventive Medicine

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Objective-To examine the association between maternal smoking 15 months after delivery and the occurrence of a major depressive episode in the prior 12 months.Methods-Data were obtained from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort study. In 20 U.S. cities, 4,898 mothers were surveyed at delivery in the years 1998 to 2000. In a survey 15 months later, 4,353 (89%) of the mothers reported their smoking behavior and symptoms of a major depressive episode during the prior 12-months.Results-At the follow-up survey, 26.6% of mothers reported that they were current smokers and 13.6 % reported that they had symptoms of a major depressive episode during the prior 12 months. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the prevalence (95% confidence interval) of a major depressive episode was higher among smokers than nonsmokers: 17.7% (15.7%, 19.8%) vs. 12.1% (10.9%, 13.3%). Smoking was also more common among mothers with a major depressive episode than in those without one: 34.0% (30.6%, 37.4%) vs. 25.5% (24.1%, 26.8%). Conclusion-Smokingand depression often co-occur among mothers with infants. This suggests that these conditions should not be diagnosed or treated in isolation from each other and that the care of mothers and children should be integrated.Precis-Among 4,353 mothers assessed 15 months after delivery, the prevalence of depression was 46% higher among smokers and the prevalence of smoking was 33% higher among those with depression.

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Depression and smoking during pregnancy

Cited by 123 publications

References 29 publications

British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017

British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017

The association of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms and postpartum relapse to smoking: A longitudinal study

The co-occurrence of smoking and a major depressive episode among mothers 15 months after delivery

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