Depression, Dementia, and Delirium

Soriano, Rainier P.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-32326-8_13

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Dementia is a progressive cognitive decline that significantly impairs an individual’s well-being and social function [ 1 ]. In contrast, delirium is characterized by an acute, transient, usually reversible, altered mental status that features inattention and an altered level of consciousness [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biomarkers in Delirium Superimposed on Dementia (DSD) and Their Clinical Application to Personalized Treatment and Management

Jahangir¹,

Allala²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) occurs when patients with pre-existing dementia develop delirium. This complication causes patients to become impaired, posing safety concerns for both hospital staff and patients. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of worsening functional disability and death. Despite medical advances, DSD provides both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to providers. Identifying at-risk patients and providing personalized medicine and patient care can decrease disease burden in a time-efficient manner. This review delves into bioinformatics-based studies of DSD in order to design and implement a personalized medicine-based approach. Our findings suggest alternative medical treatment methods based on gene-gene interactions, gene-microRNA (miRNA) interactions, gene-drug interactions, and pharmacogenetic variants involved in dementia and psychiatric disorders. We identify 17 genes commonly associated with both dementia and delirium including apolipoprotein E (ApoE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), prion protein (PrP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), alpha-synuclein (αS), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), neurofilament light (NFL), neurofilament heavy, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A), and serpin family A member 3 (ERAP3). In addition, we identify six main genes that form an inner concentric model, as well as their associated miRNA. The FDA-approved medications that were found to be effective against the six main genes were identified. Furthermore, the PharmGKB database was used to identify variants of these six genes in order to suggest future treatment options. We also looked at previous research and evidence on biomarkers that could be used to detect DSD. According to research, there are three types of biomarkers that can be used depending on the stage of delirium. The pathological mechanisms underlying delirium are also discussed. This review will identify treatment and diagnostic options for personalized DSD management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biomarkers in Delirium Superimposed on Dementia (DSD) and Their Clinical Application to Personalized Treatment and Management

Jahangir¹,

Allala²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Cumulative Socioeconomic Status Risk is Associated With Greater Increase in Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Among Middle-Aged Black Adults

Lei,

Beach,

Simons

et al. 2024

The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

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Background This study examined the longitudinal relationship between cumulative socioeconomic status (SES) risk and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels to better understand the association between social factors and a biomarker of neurodegeneration. Methods We used data from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), collecting psychosocial and blood data at two waves (2008) and (2019) from 254 Black Americans (43 males and 211 females). Blood samples were analyzed at each wave for serum NfL concentrations. Regression analysis and mixed-effect modeling examined relationships between cumulative SES risk and serum NfL, controlling for covariates and assessing time effects. Results Utilizing 11-year longitudinal data, serum NfL levels increased with age. Higher cumulative SES risk at baseline correlated with elevated serum NfL at the 11-year follow-up and predicted a greater increase in NfL levels. Clinically, NfL is a sensitive biomarker for axonal injury and neurodegeneration, commonly used to detect early and preclinical stages of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusions Our results suggest that exposure to cumulative SES risk among Black adults may contribute to elevated levels of NfL, indicating potential early neurodegeneration. Given the established role of NfL in detecting neurodegenerative processes, these findings underscore the importance of interventions that bolster social safety nets and social connectedness to enhance brain health and mitigate neurodegenerative risks.

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Depression, Dementia, and Delirium

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

A Review of Biomarkers in Delirium Superimposed on Dementia (DSD) and Their Clinical Application to Personalized Treatment and Management

A Review of Biomarkers in Delirium Superimposed on Dementia (DSD) and Their Clinical Application to Personalized Treatment and Management

Cumulative Socioeconomic Status Risk is Associated With Greater Increase in Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Among Middle-Aged Black Adults

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