Depression in multiple sclerosis: Relationship to working memory capacity.

Arnett, Peter A.; Higginson, Christopher I.; Voss, William D.; Bender, William I.; Wurst, John M.; Tippin, Jon

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.13.4.546

Cited by 172 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Tests that emphasized episodic memory and processing speed were most sensitive and logistic regression models revealed that tests emphasizing processing speed, verbal memory, and executive function were predictive of vocational status. Depression, was not significantly related to cognitive performance, consistent with some previous findings (Benedict et al, 2002a) but not others (Arnett et al, 1999;Arnett et al, 2002). Patients were gleaned from a number of different sources as documented prior to testing.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Influence of recruitment and participation bias in neuropsychological research among MS patients

Duquin

Parmenter

Benedict

2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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The potential influence of recruitment context in neuropsychological (NP) research is seldom addressed in the literature. Our experience with a previous large-scale study of MS cognitive impairment led us to speculate that referral questions and motivation bias significantly impact conclusions drawn from NP testing. We re-analyzed data from Benedict et al. (2006) and compared the results obtained across three groups of patients: paid research volunteers, clinical patients undergoing evaluation for routine monitoring of cognitive status, and clinical patients referred for diagnostic clarification, determination of disability benefits, and other more complex issues. Research volunteers were significantly younger and less frequently cognitively impaired compared to the clinical groups, greatly affecting prevalence estimates (45.6 to 65.6%). Significant correlations between depression and cognitive impairment were present only among the research volunteers. NP testing significantly predicted vocational outcomes in all groups. These results suggest that greater attention should be paid to the reasons patients agree to participate in NP testing. (JINS, 2008, 14, 494-498.)

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In general, correlations between NP testing and depression are modest, sometimes significant (e.g., Arnett et al, 1999;Arnett et al, 2002), sometimes not (e.g., Benedict et al, 2002a). Our analysis provided an opportunity to learn if such variation is related to recruitment context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of recruitment and participation bias in neuropsychological research among MS patients

Duquin

Parmenter

Benedict

2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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“…The MS literature provides a couple of other studies showing that depressed MS patients performed significantly worse on executive types of cognitive tasks that could be construed as overlapping somewhat in the constructs measured by the IGT. Specifically, Arnett et al reported lower performances in a depressed group of MS patients in comparison to nondepressed MS patients on a planning task [4], and showed the same pattern for a working memory task that is considered executive in nature [3]. Besides, Landro et al [25] reported that depressive symptoms also accounted for slowed information processing speed in MS patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We postulated that (1) early MS patients without disability may make more risky choices in the IGT than healthy subjects, (2) MS patients with a higher disease activity, defined by the occurrence of a relapse during an observation period of 15 months after performing the IGT, may be impaired earlier in their ability of decision making than stable patients (i. e., without relapses), (3) "risk-taking" MS patients may finally present different behavioral characteristics, a lower quality of life (QoL), or a higher perceived handicap than "non-risk-taking" MS patients, defined according to their IGT performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved decision making ability in early multiple sclerosis

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess decision making in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the earliest clinically detectable time point of the disease. METHODS: Patients with definite MS (n = 109) or with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS, n = 56), a disease duration of 3 months to 5 years, and no or only minor neurological impairment (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score 0-2.5) were compared to 50 healthy controls using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). RESULTS: The performance of definite MS, CIS patients, and controls was comparable for the two main outcomes of the IGT (learning index: p = 0.7; total score: p = 0.6). The IGT learning index was influenced by the educational level and the co-occurrence of minor depression. CIS and MS patients developing a relapse during an observation period of 15 months dated from IGT testing demonstrated a lower learning index in the IGT than patients who had no exacerbation (p = 0.02). When controlling for age, gender and education, the difference between relapsing and non-relapsing patients was at the limit of significance (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Decision making in a task mimicking real life decisions is generally preserved in early MS patients as compared to controls. A possible consequence of MS relapsing activity in the impairment of decision making ability is also suspected in the early phase of MS

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“…34,35 The neuropsychologist should always evaluate the patient's psychological functioning and screen for the presence of psychiatric disorders. Sleep disturbance is also common in MS and can contribute to fatigue and cognitive inefficiency.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychologist

Fuchs¹

2009

International Journal of MS Care

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32 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system with prominent physical symptoms such as muscle weakness and spasticity that lead to limitations in mobility. 1 Although MS care often focuses on the assessment and treatment of these physical symptoms, changes in cognition can be of greater concern to people with MS and their families. It is believed that at least half of people with MS eventually experience some degree of cognitive dysfunction, 2 which can occur early in the disease and progress over an interval as short as 2 years. 3 Cognitive impairment in MS is associated with loss of employment, 4 reduced driving skills, 5 diminished socialization, 6 and dependence on others for activities of daily living (ADLs). 4 Subtle changes in cognitive efficiency may be readily noticed by a person with MS but overlooked by health-care providers and misunderstood by family members and coworkers. For this reason, cognitive dysfunction is often referred to as an "invisible" symptom of MS. Because cognitive decline may not be readily apparent at bedside examination, 7 a neuropsychological evaluation can be invaluable in providing information about brain function to people with MS and their health-care teams. Additionally, test results can be used to support an application for disability benefits or school/work accommodation. Repeat testing can identify changes or stability over time, following relapses, or with treatment. Test results can also guide development of compensation strategies. In addition to conducting a cognitive evaluation, neuropsychologists can provide treatment in the form of individual psychotherapy, family counseling, behavior management, and cognitive rehabilitation. What Is Neuropsychology?A clinical neuropsychologist is a licensed psychologist with specialized training in the relationship between brain functioning and abilities such as memory, attention, language, and reasoning. Following completion of a doctoral program, neuropsychologists undergo further training and supervision in the practice of neuropsychology through a clinical internship and then a 2-year postdoctoral residency or fellowship. Clinical neuropsychology is a specialty recognized by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations. After completion of training and a period of independent practice, an individual can go through the examination process to be certified through the American Board of Professional Psychology.The primary clinical service provided by neuropsychologists to people with MS is assessment of cognitive functioning. While a magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic scan can provide information about the structural integrity of the brain, a neuropsychological evaluation documents functional capacity. Neuropsychologists typically administer a series of stan-

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Depression in multiple sclerosis: Relationship to working memory capacity.

Cited by 172 publications

References 37 publications

Influence of recruitment and participation bias in neuropsychological research among MS patients

Influence of recruitment and participation bias in neuropsychological research among MS patients

Preserved decision making ability in early multiple sclerosis

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