Depression risk factors and affect dynamics: An experience sampling study

Funkhouser, Carter J.; Kaiser, Ariela; Alqueza, Kira L.; Carrillo, Vivian; Hoffman, Lija M K; Nabb, Carver B.; Auerbach, Randy P.; Shankman, Stewart A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.007

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…[62][63][64] Moreover, previous history and family history can also contribute to the occurrence of future MDD episodes in individuals. 65 Few previous findings have shown consistency with our results. A study conducted by Chen et al on 25 MDD patients and 20 HCs, observed that MDD patients exhibited elevated serum IL-2 levels than HCs establishing a considerable positive correlation between serum cortisol and IL-2, as well as ACTH and IL-2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Elevated Serum IL-2 Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study

Suhee,

Shahriar,

Islam

et al. 2023

Clin Med�Insights�Pathol

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Objectives: Numerous earlier studies have stated an association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and altered expression of inflammatory process. However, it still needs to determine whether the alteration of cytokines is the causative factor or a consequence of this disorder. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 in the pathophysiology of depression. Methods: We collected blood samples from 111 MDD patients and 112 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) score was used to assess study participants. We determined the severity of depression using the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D) rating scale. We assayed serum levels of IL-2 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Results: Elevated levels of IL-2 were detected in MDD patients than HCs (29.79 ± 6.18 and 12.77 ± 4.84 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We observed a higher level of IL-2 in female MDD patients compared to female HCs (31.98 ± 8.34 and 7.76 ± 0.36 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We witnessed a sex-specific correlation between the serum IL-2 levels and the Ham-D score and found that the females with higher Ham-D scores had higher serum IL-2 levels. Moreover, the ROC curve represented the good diagnostic performance of serum IL-2 levels as a biomarker with sensitivity and specificity values of 83.7% and 80.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The current study findings indicate that elevated serum IL-2 levels are associated with MDD. This alteration may be the cause of triggering depression or a result of the activated inflammatory process during the depression. Therefore, we recommend further interventional research to clarify the actual reasons for these altered IL-2 levels in MDD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Elevated Serum IL-2 Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study

Suhee,

Shahriar,

Islam

et al. 2023

Clin Med�Insights�Pathol

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“…These bidirectional relationships may be important for targeted intervention since targeting 1 symptom dimension may prevent increases in others. Future research should use ecological momentary assessments 43 to further investigate the dynamic nature of these depression symptoms and examine how somatic symptoms and anhedonia are impacted by different treatments in different stroke groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Trajectories of Post-Stroke Depression Symptom Subgroups

Ashaie

Funkhouser

Jabbarinejad

et al. 2022

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

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Background Post-stroke depressive symptoms are prevalent and impairing, and elucidating their course and risk factors is critical for reducing their public health burden. Previous studies have examined the course of post-stroke depression, but distinct depressive symptom dimensions (eg, somatic symptoms, negative affect [eg, sadness], anhedonia [eg, loss of interest]) may vary differently over time. Objective The present study examined within-person and between-person associations between depressive symptom dimensions across 3 timepoints in the year following discharge from in-patient rehabilitation hospitals, as well as the impact of multiple clinical variables (eg, aphasia). Methods Stroke survivors completed the Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale (CES-D) at discharge from post-stroke rehabilitation (“T1”) and at 3-month (“T2”) and 12-month (“T3”) follow-ups. Scores on previously identified CES-D subscales (somatic symptoms, anhedonia, and negative affect) were calculated at each timepoint. Random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis examined associations between symptom dimensions while disaggregating within-person and between-person effects. Results There were reciprocal, within-person associations between somatic symptoms and anhedonia from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3. Neither dimension was predictive of, or predicted by negative affect. Conclusions The reciprocal associations between somatic symptoms and anhedonia may reflect a “vicious cycle,” and suggest these 2 symptom dimensions may be useful indicators of risk and/or intervention targets. Regularly assessing depression symptoms starting during inpatient rehabilitation may help identify stroke survivors at risk for depression symptoms and facilitate early intervention.

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“…Healthy controls reported no lifetime mental disorders. For both groups, additional exclusion criteria included a history of a current major depressive episode and substance use disorders (see Funkhouser et al, 2021). One hundred and four participants from the parent study were recontacted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geolocation features differentiate healthy from remitted depressed adults.

Auerbach¹,

Srinivasan²,

Kirshenbaum³

et al. 2022

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

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Depression recurrence is debilitating, and there is a pressing need to develop clinical tools that detect the reemergence of symptoms with the aim of bridging patients to treatment before recurrences. At baseline, remitted depressed adults (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 24) were administered clinical interviews and completed self-report symptom measures. Then, smartphone apps were installed on personal smartphones to acquire geolocation data over 21 days and ecological momentary assessment of positive and negative affect during the initial 14-day period. Compared with healthy controls, remitted depressed adults exhibited reduced circadian routine (regularity of one's daily routine) and lower average daily distance traveled. Further, reduced distance traveled associated with greater daily negative affect after controlling for depression severity; however, this effect was not more pronounced among remitted adults. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression indicated that a linear combination of circadian routine, average distance traveled, and baseline depression severity classified remitted depressed individuals with 72% accuracy; outperforming models restricted to either geolocation or clinical measures alone. Mobile sensing approaches hold enormous promise to improve clinical care for depressive disorders. Although barriers remain, leveraging technological advancements related to real-time monitoring can improve treatment for depressed patients and potentially, reduce high rates of recurrence. General Scientific SummaryGiven that major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently recurs, there is a critical need to develop clinical tools that detect the reemergence of depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that diminished activity levels-assessed continuously through smartphone-based mobile sensor approachescontinue into remission among depressed adults. Specifically, remitted depressed adults were characterized by reduced circadian routine (i.e., regularity of one's daily routine) and lower average daily distance traveled over a 3-week period.

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Depression risk factors and affect dynamics: An experience sampling study

Cited by 15 publications

References 65 publications

Elevated Serum IL-2 Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study

Elevated Serum IL-2 Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study

Longitudinal Trajectories of Post-Stroke Depression Symptom Subgroups

Geolocation features differentiate healthy from remitted depressed adults.

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