Deprivation and subjective well-being: implication on health

Foreign remittances, deprivation and patriotism

“…The importance of remittances to developing nations are more noticeable recently by its contribution to improved well-being of family member in home countries who are adversely affected by COVID-19 pandemics. Households who received remittances from abroad were better able to smoothening consumption, absorb shock from job loss and death caused by COVID-19 pandemics, spread risk by purchase of various asset and diversify household economy (Sharimakin and Ojewumi 2022 ).The measurement of foreign remittances in literature mostly follows an IMF’s standard (1993) which aggregate three balance of payment categories namely, workers’ remittances, employee compensation, and migrants’ transfers. The category of workers' remittances tracks current transfers made by migrants who are employed in and regarded as residents of the countries that host them to nonresidents.…”

“…Personal relative deprivation is a feeling of resentment and dissatisfaction stemming from the belief that one is deprived of a desired and deserved outcomes compared with some referents (Olson et al 1986 ; Callan et al 2011 ; Sharimakin and Ojewumi 2022 ). It is traditionally an inter-personal concept that relates to the feelings of being worse off relate to others (reference groups) in the society ( Runcimann 1966; Stouffer et al 1949).…”

“…This suggests that migrants from less deprived families are more likely to send money back home than migrants from highly deprived home. Similarly, concerning the relationship between deprivation and patriotism, Van Evera ( 1990 ), Posen ( 1993 ), Shayo ( 2009 ), Solt ( 2011 ) and Sharimakin and Ojewumi, ( 2022 ) found a positive relationship between the two variables, whereas Deutsch ( 1964 ), Tilly ( 1998 ), Gilbert ( 1998 ), Ikuo and MacDougall ( 1999 ), Shulman ( 2003 ) and Chen ( 2020 ) concluded that a significant wider inequality gap leads to lower patriotic level among the citizens. There is however a gap in literature to explore the relationship between the three variables (remittances, deprivation and patriotism).…”

“…A recent research outcomes (Sharimakin and Ojewumi 2022 ) revealed that the extent of deprivation which captures level of happiness, life satisfaction, worry and social functioning (alienation, relationship, self-esteem, shame, and self-respect) are better captured by self-reporting micro data, particularly when the data are directly procured by the researchers, hence, the need for this study to examine the impact of foreign remittances on deprivation, and also, now, by extension, on patriotism, as well as impact of deprivation on patriotism in developing country, Nigeria using a cross sectional data. This study hypothesised that people tend to feel deprived and less patriotic when they compare their developmental outcomes with their referent migrant’s better achievements, and thus increasing emigration intension, brain drain, unpatriotic behaviours and dwindled public revenue.…”