Depth- and strain-dependent mechanical and electromechanical properties of full-thickness bovine articular cartilage in confined compression

Chen, A.C.; Bae, Won C.; Schinagl, Robert M.; Sah, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00170-6

Cited by 222 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The equilibrium aggregate moduli of full-thickness cartilage samples were determined by confined compression tests using a custom-designed, computer-automated soft tissue tester as previously described [12,14,60,61]. Confined compression testing was used to assess the biomechanical function of the transplanted cartilage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equilibrium aggregate modulus of the specimens was determined using a five-step stress relaxation test after removal from the subchondral bone. Specimens were immersed in a PBS solution with protease inhibitors (Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, MO) and tested using the custom-designed biomechanical test apparatus previously described [12,14,61]. Specimens were compressed using a 5-mm diameter nonporous indenter with 25-lm predisplacement to ensure uniform initial contact with the indenter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Properties of Fresh Cold-stored Allografts for Osteochondral Defects at 1 Year

Ranawat

Vidal

Chen

et al. 2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Little is known about the long-term properties of fresh cold-stored osteochondral allograft tissue. We hypothesized fresh cold-stored tissue would yield superior material properties in an in vivo ovine model compared to those using freeze-thawed acellular grafts. In addition, we speculated that a long storage time would yield less successful grafts. We created 10-mm defects in medial femoral condyles of 20 sheep. Defects were reconstructed with allograft plugs stored at 4°C for 1, 14, and 42 days; control specimens were freeze-thawed or defect-only. At 52 weeks, animals were euthanized and retrieved grafts were analyzed for cell viability, gross morphology, histologic grade, and biomechanical and biochemical analysis. Explanted coldstored tissue had superior histologic scores over freezethawed and defect-only grafts. Specimens stored for 1 and 42 days had higher equilibrium moduli and proteoglycan content than freeze-thawed specimens. We observed no difference among any of the cold-stored specimens for chondrocyte viability, histology, equilibrium aggregate modulus, proteoglycan content, or hypotonic swelling. Reconstructing cartilage defects with cold-stored allograft resulted in superior histologic and biomechanical properties compared with acellular freeze-thawed specimens; however, storage time did not appear to be a critical factor in the success of the transplanted allograft.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Properties of Fresh Cold-stored Allografts for Osteochondral Defects at 1 Year

Ranawat

Vidal

Chen

et al. 2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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show abstract

“…Materials for cartilage explant, biomechanical, and biochemical procedures were obtained as described previously [6,34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive properties and function—composition relationships of developing bovine articular cartilage

Williamson

Chen

Sah

2001

Journal Orthopaedic Research

298

257

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The composition of cartilage is known to change during fetal and postnatal development. The objectives of this study were to characterize the compressive biomechanical properties of the 1 mm thick articular layer of cartilage of the distal femur from thirdtrimester bovine fetuses, from 1 to 3 week old bovine calf and from young adult bovine knees, and to correlate these properties with tissue components. The confined compression modulus increased 180%) from the fetus to the calf and adult. The hydraulic permeability at 45% offset compression (relative to the free-swelling thickness) decreased by 70'Yo from fetus to adult. These development-associated changes in biomechanical properties were primarily associated with a marked (-2-3-fold) increase during development in collagen content and no detectable change in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. A role for collagen in the compressive properties of cartilage and the gradual increase in collagen during development suggest that collagen metabolism is critical for cartilage tissue engineering and repair therapies.

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“…Each can be distinguished based on differences in morphology (Aydelotte and Kuettner, 1988;Jadin et al, 2005;Kuettner et al, 1991), content of glycosaminoglycans , collagen (Nieminen et al, 2001), water , and mineral (Burr, 2004). The zonal differences in organization and biochemical content are directly associated with depth-dependant changes in biomechanical and bioelectrical tissue properties (Chen et al, 2001;Klein et al, 2007;Krishnan et al, 2003;Schinagl et al, 1997). This association is relevant both scientifically and clinically because current strategies for repair of traumatic cartilage lesions attempt to utilize the depth-dependent organization of articular cartilage (Klein et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct horizontal patterns in the spatial organization of superficial zone chondrocytes of human joints

Rolauffs

Williams

Grodzinsky

et al. 2008

Journal of Structural Biology

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A better understanding of the unique cellular and functional properties of the superficial zone of articular cartilage may aid current strategies in tissue engineering which attempts a layered design for the repair of cartilage lesions to avert or postpone the onset of osteoarthritis. However, data pertaining to the cellular organization of non-degenerated superficial zone of articular cartilage is not available for most human joints. The present study analyzed the arrangement of chondrocytes of non-degenerated human joints (shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle) by using fluorescence microscopy of the superficial zone in a top-down view. The resulting horizontal chondrocyte arrangements were tested for randomness, homogeneity or a significant grouping via point pattern analysis and were correlated with the joint type in which they occurred. The present study demonstrated that human superficial chondrocytes occurred in four distinct patterns of strings, clusters, pairs or single chondrocytes. Those patterns represented a significant grouping (p<0.0001) with horizontal alignment. Each articular joint surface was dominated by only one of these four patterns (p<0.001). Specific patterns correlated with specific diarthrodial joint types (p<0.001). Further studies need to establish whether these organizational patterns are a consequence of their surrounding environment or whether they are linked to a functional purpose.

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Depth- and strain-dependent mechanical and electromechanical properties of full-thickness bovine articular cartilage in confined compression

Cited by 222 publications

References 33 publications

Material Properties of Fresh Cold-stored Allografts for Osteochondral Defects at 1 Year

Material Properties of Fresh Cold-stored Allografts for Osteochondral Defects at 1 Year

Compressive properties and function—composition relationships of developing bovine articular cartilage

Distinct horizontal patterns in the spatial organization of superficial zone chondrocytes of human joints

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