Deregulation of Biologically Significant Genes and Associated Molecular Pathways in the Oral Epithelium of Electronic Cigarette Users

Tommasi, Stefania; Caliri, Andrew W.; Caceres, Amanda; Moreno, Debra E.; Li, Meng; Chen, Yibu; Siegmund, Kimberly D.; Besaratinia, Ahmad

doi:10.3390/ijms20030738

Cited by 71 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The "Wnt/Ca + pathway" in e-cig users and the "integrin signaling pathway" in smokers were the most affected pathways in the canonical pathways and networks modulated. For both e-cig users and smokers, the "Rho family GTPases signaling pathway" was the top disrupted pathway amongst the overlapping functional pathways, although the number of affected targets was three times higher in smokers than e-cig users [87].…”

Section: Studies On Other Effects Of Ends In the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Farsalinos

Poulas

2019

Toxics

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The number and popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and especially e-cigarettes (e-cigs) have been increasing in the last decade. Although ENDS owe their popularity to excluding the harmful chemicals that are present in tobacco smoke, there is a debate whether they are safe, regulated, and as harmless as they are assumed to be and have potential unknown long-term effects. Involvement of cigarette smoking to the progression of periodontal diseases, other adverse oral health outcomes, and its detrimental effects to oral health are well-described. ENDS producer companies claim that these products can improve oral health by providing alternatives to smoking. However, the effect of e-cigs on oral health is not fully understood and is still debated among many scientists and clinicians. The number of studies addressing the potential toxic effect of ENDS or e-cig aerosol on oral cells is limited along with the clinical studies which are still preliminary, and their sample size is limited. The long-term effects of inhaled aerosols and the potential synergistic effect of the e-cigs components are not known. It is essential and of utmost importance to determine whether exposure to ENDS aerosol contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases and how it affects periodontal ligament and gingival cells which are believed to be its first targets. This review briefly summarizes the available evidence about the effects of e-cigs on periodontal health including several pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, cellular senescence, dysregulated repair, and periodontal diseases.

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Section: Studies On Other Effects Of Ends In the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Farsalinos

Poulas

2019

Toxics

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“…More recently, DNA hydroxymethylation has also emerged as an important mechanism of gene deregulation in human carcinogenesis [11,12]. Building on our recent findings [6], we have now investigated the association between vaping and these key epigenetic effects in a well-defined population of exclusive e-cig users, smokers only, and control non-vapers non-smokers, matched for age, gender, and approximately race (n = 15, each group). We have quantified DNA methylation levels in Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element 1 (LINE-1) repeats, as an indicator of global 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) content of the DNA [10,13], and measured global levels of 5-hydroxymethycytosine (5-hmC), which is the oxidation product of 5-mC [11,12], in leucocytes DNA from the study population, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we have demonstrated that vapers, similarly to smokers, exhibit differential expression of genes in the oral epithelium, a major target organ for smoking-associated cancer [6]. The cancer-causing effects of many carcinogens present in both e-cig vapour and cigarette smoke are ascribed to their ability to induce genetic and/or epigenetic alterations [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypomethylation of LINE-1 repeat elements and global loss of DNA hydroxymethylation in vapers and smokers

et al. 2020

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The outbreak of vaping-related severe lung injuries and deaths and the epidemic of teen vaping in the U.S. underscore the urgent need for determining the biological consequences of electronic cigarette (e-cig) use. We have investigated the association between vaping and epigenetic changes by quantifying DNA methylation levels in Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element 1 (LINE-1) and global DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hmC) levels and measuring the expression level of enzymes catalysing the respective processes in peripheral blood of exclusive vapers, smokers, and controls, matched for age, gender, and race (n = 45). Both vapers and smokers showed significant loss of methylation in LINE-1 repeat elements in comparison to controls (P = 0.00854 and P = 0.03078, respectively). Similarly, vapers and smokers had significant reductions in 5-hmC levels relative to controls (P = 0.04884 and P = 0.0035, respectively). Neither the LINE-1 methylation levels nor the global 5-hmC levels were different between vapers and smokers. There was a direct correlation between methylation levels in the LINE-1 elements and global 5-hmC levels in the study subjects (r = 0.31696, P = 0.03389). Inverse and statistically significant correlations were found between both the LINE-1 methylation levels and the global 5-hmC levels and various vaping/smoking metrics in the study subjects. There were modest but not statistically significant changes in transcription of DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation enzymes in both vapers and smokers relative to controls. Our findings support follow-up genome-wide investigations into the epigenetic effects of vaping, which may further clarify the health consequences of ecig use.

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“…Thus, evidence-based regulations and scientifically driven recommendations on vaping will not only be more effective, sensible, and enforceable, but they will also minimize/eliminate the risk of unintended outcomes, such as inadvertently turning e-cigs into a "prohibitos autem fructum" (translation: forbidden fruit). While research data are accumulating on the adverse biological effects of e-cig use [18][19][20], evidence is also emerging on the efficacy of vaping combined with behavioral therapy in helping smokers quit [21] (although initial studies have produced mixed results [22]). The existing data clearly demonstrate that vaping is not risk free.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping epidemic: challenges and opportunities

Besaratinia

Tommasi

2020

Cancer Causes Control

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This article is a timely, concise, and unbiased analysis of the national and international responses to the spate of vapingrelated lung illnesses and deaths and the epidemic of teen vaping. In view of the recent outbreak of vaping-related lung injuries and deaths in the USA and the epidemic of teen vaping, the viewpoints and recommendations presented in this article have immediate policy implications in the USA and around the world. The perspectives and recommendations are expected to assist medical communities, public health professionals, and regulatory authorities in addressing complex issues related to vaping regulation, which are intertwined with public health, economy, and politics of nations, worldwide.

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Deregulation of Biologically Significant Genes and Associated Molecular Pathways in the Oral Epithelium of Electronic Cigarette Users

Cited by 71 publications

References 46 publications

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Hypomethylation of LINE-1 repeat elements and global loss of DNA hydroxymethylation in vapers and smokers

Vaping epidemic: challenges and opportunities

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