Deriving the similarities between Japanese and Italian: a case study in comparative syntax

Some Remarks on the Lexical Nature of Restructuring Predicates (G. Cinque, Restructuring and Functional Heads: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Volume 4)

“…' (See Kuroda (1965), Inoue (1976, Matsumoto (1996), Miyagawa (1987), Nishigauchi (1993), Shibatani (1978), Zushi (1995Zushi ( , 2001Zushi ( , 2005, among others.) There seem to be no restrictions on the position where these predicates are placed.…”

“…One way of dealing with the problem of optionality in restructuring is to incorporate the idea proposed by Zushi (2005). She argues that a process such as object preposing involves an adjunction operation akin to scrambling, followed by a movement operation triggered by a higher functional head.…”

“…65)) an edge of the complement clause.12 Note that in languages like Italian and Japanese, it is assumed that the projection of T is not closed off via agreement (see Zushi (2005) for details).…”

“…While adjunction to the v-projection is available in every language, adjunction to the T projection is possible only in some, as argued by Zushi (2005). Thus, the adjunction-to-T approach predicts that a limited class of languages would exhibit restructuring effects such as long-distance object preposing, while the adjunction-to-v approach predicts that every language will exhibit transparency effects in restructuring.…”

“…The analysis sketched above (Zushi (2005)) is designed to captureamong other things-the fact that familiar sorts of transparency effects such as long-distance object preposing can be observed in languages like Italian and Japanese, but not in e.g. French or English.…”