Dermal collagen organization in Bufo ictericus and in Rana catesbeiana integument (Anuran, Amphibian) under the evaluation of laser confocal microscopy

Azevedo, Rodrigo Alves; Santana, Andréa Souza de Jesus; Brito-Gitirana, Lycia de

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2005.11.001

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…and P. paradoxa ). Although other functions as mineral homeostasis, mechanical protection, or against desiccation (Elkan, 1968; Baldwin and Bentley, 1980; Toledo and Jared 1993; Azevedo et al 2005; Lillywhite 2006) have been proposed for this layer, our findings do not provide arguments to discuss the function of the calcified layer.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…The calcified layer of the dermis has been described as a structure of frog skin whose absence in some aquatic taxa ( Crinia signifera, in Myobatrachidae, Telmatobius , in Telmatobiidae; and Pipidae) led to propose that this layer is a feature of terrestrial anurans (Elkan, 1968; Toledo and Jared, 1993; Azevedo et al, 2005; Pelli et al, 2010). However, the calcified layer has been described in Barbourula busuangensis and in Pseudis spp .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In amphibians, the integument is unique among vertebrates due to its higher permeability with functional consequences such as cutaneous respiration and osmoregulation (Bentley and Yorio, 1976). Furthermore, the presence of mineralization and ossifications associated with the integument has been described as a possible reservoir of calcium associated to water balance (Elkan, 1968; Bentley and Yorio, 1976; Sampson et al, 1987; Toledo and Jared, 1993; Stiffler, 1995; Azevedo et al, 2005; Witzmann et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of calcium in the amphibian integument may be recognized in four types of morphological structures: dermal scales (Zylberberg and Wake, 1990; Castanet et al, 2003); the calcified layer (Elkan, 1968; Toledo and Jared, 1993; Azevedo et al, 2005); osteoderms (Ruibal and Shoemaker, 1984; Vickaryous and Sire, 2009); and dorsal shields (Trueb, 1973; Fabrezi, 2006; Campos et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spatial and temporal variation has been described within and among species (Elkan, 1968; Toledo and Jared, 1993). The calcified layer has been recorded in species of Alytidae, Bufonidae, Ceratophryidae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae, Pelobatidae, Rhacophoridae, and Ranidae (Elkan, 1968; Toledo and Jared, 1993; Azevedo et al, 2005; Fabrezi et al, 2010; Pelli et al, 2010). It was assumed that the calcified layer acts in water balance and protection against desiccation in terrestrial frogs as it has hydrophilic properties by the presence of glycosaminoglycans (Elkan, 1968; Toledo and Jared, 1993; Azevedo et al, 2005); further it is frequent in terrestrial taxa, absent in the aquatic pipids but some aquatic frogs such as Pseudis spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ontogenetic and Structural Variation of Mineralizations and Ossifications in the Integument within Ceratophryid Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)

Quinzio

Fabrezi

2012

The Anatomical Record

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Ceratophryidae represent a monophyletic group of terrestrial and aquatic frogs inhabiting lowlands of South America where they are more diverse in semiarid environments of the Chaco region. Adult morphology of ceratophryids presents some features associated to terrestrial and fossorial life such as hyper-ossified skulls, spade feet for digging, among others. For anurans, different mineralized structures have been described in the integument as calcium reservoirs and related to the terrestrial life and water balance (e.g., the calcified layer and dermal ossifications). We describe the ontogeny of the integument in the three genera of ceratophryids (Chacophrys, Ceratophrys, and Lepidobatrachus) that inhabit in semiarid environments. Data obtained demonstrated the early acquisition of metamorphic transformations in the integument layers in larvae of Ceratophrys cranwelli and Lepidobatrachus spp. and a continuous increment in the thickness of them up to old postmetamorphic stages. The integument of ceratophryids develops calcium deposits as the calcified layer during postmetamorphic stages. Furthermore, dorsal shields are also present in adult stages independently of terrestrial versus aquatic lifestyles. While the calcified layer seems to be a feature of a fully developed integument, in which their layers have acquired the adult thickness, dorsal shields develop at premetamorphic stages in L. llanensis and postmetamorphic individuals of C. cranwelli. In ceratophryids, similar to other studied taxa (e.g., Brachycephalus spp.) dorsal shields develop via an intramembranous ossification in which the calcified layer does not precede its differentiation. Within anurans, the occurrence of dorsal shields in the monophyletic ceratophryids suggested a distinctive evolutionary history in the lineage.

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confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ontogenetic and Structural Variation of Mineralizations and Ossifications in the Integument within Ceratophryid Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)

Quinzio

Fabrezi

2012

The Anatomical Record

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Ladies in armor: A micro‐computed tomographic study of skin calcification in European toads (genus Bufo)

Cvijanović

Ajduković

Arntzen

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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Micro-computed tomography is a powerful tool toward the detailed reconstruction of internal and external morphology, in particular for ossified and other dense tissues. Here, we document and compare the level of calcification in the skin of the head and the parotoids (the external skin glands) in males and females of common and spined toads, Bufo bufo and B. spinosus. In some anurans, including Bufo species, a specific acellular calcified tissue layer within the dermis has been documented (the Eberth-Katschenko, or EK-layer). By a combination of micro-computed tomography and classical histology, we detected additional calcium deposits located in the dermal layer stratum spongiosum, positioned above the EK-layer. We showed that the level of calcification and the presence of additional calcium deposits are size and sex related, increasing in the order B. bufo males, B. spinosus males, B. bufo females to B. spinosus females. The last of these groups is the least variable. Bufo spinosus females have dense calcium deposits in the parotoids and the dorsal and ventral skin. Three-dimensional volume renderings and cross-sectional slices obtained by micro-CT scanning indicate that this approach is a promising technique for further studies on bufonid skin anatomy and geographic variation in skin calcification.

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Seasonal lectin binding variations of thumb pad in the frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

Kaptan

Bolkent

2013

Journal of Morphology

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The thumb pad is one of the most common secondary sexual characteristics in frogs. Although it is known that amphibian skin has affinity for several lectins, there is no report regarding lectin-binding affinity of the thumb pad or its structural components. This study investigated localization and seasonal variation of specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates in both the epidermal and dermal components of the frog thumb pad at the light microscopic level using lectin histochemistry. The study consisted of four seasonal groups of the frog species, Pelophylax ridibundus (Synonym of Rana ridibunda): active, prehibernating, hibernating and posthibernating. Four horseradish peroxidase conjugated lectins were employed. It was found that dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and ulex europaeus (UEAI) gave positive reactions in both epidermal layers and breeding glands. These three lectins bound specific secretory cells in the breeding glands, and the distribution of the cells and epithelial lectin reactions exhibited seasonal changes. In addition, UEA-I and peanut agglutinin (PNA) showed an affinity in granular glands and the granular zone of mixed glands. Generally, epidermal lectin binding showed dense affinity during the posthibernation period. DBA, UEA-I, and WGA-specific cells in the mucous gland decreased gradually until the posthibernation period. These findings suggest that differences of lectin binding in the thumb pad may be related to functional activities and, thus, seasonal adaptations. Moreover, the presence of specific lectin-binding cells in the breeding glands indicated that they consisted of heterogeneous secretory cell composition or that the cells were at different secretory stages.

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Dermal collagen organization in Bufo ictericus and in Rana catesbeiana integument (Anuran, Amphibian) under the evaluation of laser confocal microscopy

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Ontogenetic and Structural Variation of Mineralizations and Ossifications in the Integument within Ceratophryid Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)

Ontogenetic and Structural Variation of Mineralizations and Ossifications in the Integument within Ceratophryid Frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)

Ladies in armor: A micro‐computed tomographic study of skin calcification in European toads (genus Bufo)

Seasonal lectin binding variations of thumb pad in the frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

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