Desalination by solar powered membrane distillation systems

Qtaishat, M.; Banat, Fawzi

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.01.021

Cited by 357 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Meanwhile electrical energy is more expensive than low grade heat. Desalination requires about 0.8 kWh/m 3 energy for seawater desalination based on a thermodynamic minimum [12,14,29,30]. …”

Section: Thermal and Electrical Energy Usage And Emissions Of Establimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic analysis of desalination technologies in the context of carbon pricing, and opportunities for membrane distillation

et al. 2013

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The economics membrane distillation (MD) and common seawater desalination methods including multi effect distillation (MED), multistage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are compared. MD also has the opportunity to enhance RO recovery, demonstrated experimentally on RO concentrate from groundwater. MD concentrated RO brine to 361,000 mg/L total dissolved solids, an order of magnitude more saline than typical seawater, validating this potential. On a reference 30,000 m 3 /day plant, MD has similar economics with other thermal desalination techniques, but RO is more cost effective. With the inclusion of a carbon tax of $23 per tonne carbon in Australia, RO remained the economically favourable process. However, when heat comes at a cost equivalent of 10% of the value of the steam needed for MD and MED, under a carbon tax regime, the cost of MD reduces to $0.66/m 3 which is cheaper than RO and MED. The favour to MD was due to lower material cost. On low thermally, high electrically efficient installations MD can desalinate water from low temperature (<50°C) heat sources at a cost of $0.57/m 3 . Our assessment has found that generally, MD opportunities occur when heat is available at low cost, while extended recovery of RO brine is also viable.

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Section: Thermal and Electrical Energy Usage And Emissions Of Establimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in a recent (2012) study by M.R. Qtaishat and F. Banat [14], the costs in sourcing the heat from solar energy was explored.The economics were found to be dependent on the cost and efficiency of the solar panels indicating that waste heat for MD is currently a more economically viable concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic analysis of desalination technologies in the context of carbon pricing, and opportunities for membrane distillation

et al. 2013

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“…2. This allows us to simulate the evolution of the Cl -/HCO 3 -exchanged for each value of the K eq . Fitting the theoretical chloride concentration values with the experimental ones, the equilibrium constant can be obtained.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these processes use energy to produce adequate water and the associated energetic cost is considerable. Of course more efficient membrane designs [1], inclusion of the energy saving steps [2], utilization of renewable energies [3][4][5], emerging adsorption methods [6,7], etc. have been applied to improve the profitability of plant operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids as a carrier for chloride reduction from brackish water using hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane

Fortuny¹,

Coll²,

Sastre³

2014

Desalination

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High concentration of chloride ions in continental water is a great problem for the exploitation of these natural resources. In industry, the use of this water involves additional conditioning steps. For drinking water and irrigation uses, the Cl- must be reduced by conventional water treatment processes, like ion exchange or reverse osmosis, but for large scale production these techniques could be very expensive due to resin regeneration or energy costs. The possibility of using supported liquid membranes (SLM) with ionic liquids (IL), Aliquat 336, Cyphos IL 101 and Cyphos IL 167, as carriers to exchange Cl- for HCO3- anion has been shown to work. The reversibility of this anion exchange was corroborated by solvent extraction experiments and implemented in flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) and hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane technologies (HFRLM). About double transport values have been obtained in HFRLM compared to SLM and 1 h is the time enough to reduce the chloride concentration up to 250 mg/L using HFRLM at the best experimental condition. The results obtained allow us to be optimistic about the implementation of this technology on a large scale to chloride reduction in drinking water when the source is inadequate for direct use. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer ReviewedPreprin

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“…In this case, desalination processes involve phase change such as the Multi Stage Flash (MSF) and the Multi Effect Distillation (MED) [4] [5]. Moreover, solar energy is exploited to produce electrical energy while the process is membrane (Reverse Osmosis) or hybrid such as Membrane Distillation (MD) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of PV/T Based Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Performances Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Ammous¹,

Charfi²,

Harb³

et al. 2016

IJMNTA

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Photovoltaic based reverse osmosis desalination systems (PV/RO) present an effective method of water desalination especially in remote areas. The increase of the feed water temperature leads to an amelioration of the plant performances. Photovoltaic Thermal Collector (PV/T) represents an ideal power source as it provides both electric and thermal energies for the reverse osmosis process. Nevertheless, PV/T based RO plants should be controlled in order to solve operation problems related to electrical efficiency, reverse osmosis membrane, produced water and the rejected salts. This paper suggests a fuzzy logic controller for the flow rate of the circulating fluid into the PV/T collectors so as to ameliorate the system performances. The designed controller has improved the PV/T field electrical efficiency and preserved the reverse osmosis membrane which upgrades the system productivity. LABVIEW software is used to simulate the controlled system and validate the effectiveness of the controller.

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Desalination by solar powered membrane distillation systems

Cited by 357 publications

References 39 publications

Economic analysis of desalination technologies in the context of carbon pricing, and opportunities for membrane distillation

Economic analysis of desalination technologies in the context of carbon pricing, and opportunities for membrane distillation

Ionic liquids as a carrier for chloride reduction from brackish water using hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane

Improvement of PV/T Based Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Performances Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

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