Description of Transport Codes for Space Radiation Shielding

Kim, Myung‐Hee Y.; Wilson, John W.; Cucinotta, Francis A.

doi:10.1097/hp.0b013e318266732f

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Exposure to large SPEs with high energy levels has been calculated by many authors [ Ballarini et al ., ; Bernabeu and Casanova , ; Hoff et al ., ; Kim et al ., , ; Simonsen et al ., ; Townsend and Zapp , ; Wilson et al ., , ] for human exploration missions. In this work, a practical assessment of radiation exposure from an SPE was made by regression models as a function of predictor fluence, which were developed from the distribution of radiation exposure to the major SPEs by using Weibull functional form for the entire energy spectrum of each SPE [ Kim et al ., , ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using spectral shape and predictor fluence to evaluate temporal dependence of exposures from solar particle events

et al. 2017

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Real‐time estimation of exposure levels has been considered in NASA's operational strategies and structural capability for the protection of astronauts from exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs). The temporal profile of organ dose rates is also important for the analysis of dose‐rate‐dependent biological responses and the optimization of radiation shielding and future mission planning. A realistic temporal estimation of exposure profiles relies on (1) the complete energy spectrum of SPE that defines the boundary condition for radiation transport simulation, (2) the radiation transport simulation with detailed shielding and body geometry models that determines particle transmission at each critical body organ, and (3) the assessment of organ dosimetric quantities and biological risks by applying the corresponding response models. This paper introduces a process of rapidly estimating temporal exposures to SPEs by implementing the distributions of the organ doses and the spectral‐shape characterization of the major SPEs. Simultaneously, the unconditional probability exceeding the NASA 30 day limit of a blood‐forming organ dose is estimated by taking into account the variability of detailed spectra of SPEs for a given predictor fluence. These temporal evaluations of SPEs can be applied to the development of real‐time guidance and protection system on improving mitigation of adverse effects during space missions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using spectral shape and predictor fluence to evaluate temporal dependence of exposures from solar particle events

et al. 2017

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“…This work will focus on the interaction of charged particles with the atomic electron system and primarily on ionization and excitation. An introduction to nuclear transport codes and shielding is given elsewhere (Kim et al 2012). …”

Section: Radiation Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Track-structure Simulations for Charged Particles

Dingfelder¹

2012

Health Physics

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Monte-Carlo track-structure simulations provide a detailed and accurate picture of radiation transport of charged particles through condensed matter of biological interest. Liquid water serves as surrogate for soft tissue and is used in most Monte-Carlo track-structure codes. Basic theories of radiation transport and track-structure simulations are discussed and differences to condensed history codes highlighted. Interaction cross sections for electrons, protons, alpha particles, light and heavy ions are required input data for track-structure simulations. Different calculation methods, including the plane-wave Born approximation, the dielectric theory, and semi-empirical approaches are presented using liquid water as a target. Low-energy electron transport and light ion transport are discussed as areas of special interest.

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“…Hydrogenated carbon nanofibers [13], Kevlar and Nextel [14] have also been found to be promising. However, no matter what type of shielding material is used, its interaction with highly energized particles produces nuclear fragmentation, or so-called ‘secondary particles’ [15, 16]. For cosmic rays, secondary particles account for a significant fraction of the total dose [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shielding on the induction of 53BP1 foci and micronuclei after Fe ion exposures

Pei

et al. 2013

Journal of Radiation Research

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High atomic number and high-energy (HZE) particles in deep space are of low abundance but substantially contribute to the biological effects of space radiation. Shielding is so far the most effective way to partially protect astronauts from these highly penetrating particles. However, simulated calculations and measurements have predicted that secondary particles resulting from the shielding of cosmic rays produce a significant fraction of the total dose and dose equivalent. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of secondary radiation with two cell types, and with cells exposed in different phases of the cell cycle, by comparing the biological effects of a 200 MeV/u iron beam with a shielded beam in which the energy of the iron ion beam was decreased from 500 MeV/u to 200 MeV/u with PMMA, polyethylene (PE), or aluminum. We found that beam shielding resulted in increased induction of 53BP1 foci and micronuclei in a cell-type-dependent manner compared with the unshielded 200 MeV/u Fe ion beam. These findings provide experimental proof that the biological effects of secondary particles resulting from the interaction between HZE particles and shielding materials should be considered in shielding design.

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Description of Transport Codes for Space Radiation Shielding

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Using spectral shape and predictor fluence to evaluate temporal dependence of exposures from solar particle events

Using spectral shape and predictor fluence to evaluate temporal dependence of exposures from solar particle events

Track-structure Simulations for Charged Particles

Effects of shielding on the induction of 53BP1 foci and micronuclei after Fe ion exposures

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